• 4.1
  • 4.2
  • dev
  • Versión de la documentación: 5.0

Cómo utilizar la protección CSRF de Django

Para aprovechar la protección CSRF en sus vistas, siga estos pasos:

  1. El middleware CSRF está activado de forma predeterminada en la configuración MIDDLEWARE. Si anula esa configuración, recuerde que 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware' debe aparecer antes de cualquier middleware de vista que asuma que se han tratado los ataques CSRF.

    Si lo desactivó, lo cual no se recomienda, puede usar csrf_protect() en vistas particulares que desee proteger (ver más abajo).

  2. En cualquier plantilla que utilice un formulario POST, utilice la etiqueta csrf_token dentro del elemento <form> si el formulario es para una dirección URL interna, por ejemplo:

    <form method="post">{% csrf_token %}
    

    Esto no debe hacerse para los formularios POST que se dirigen a URL externas, ya que eso provocaría que se filtrara el token CSRF, lo que provocaría una vulnerabilidad.

  3. En las funciones de vista correspondientes, asegúrese de que RequestContext se utiliza para representar la respuesta de modo que {% csrf_token %} funcione correctamente. Si está utilizando la función render(), vistas genéricas o aplicaciones contrib, ya está cubierto, ya que todas usan RequestContext.

Uso de la protección CSRF con AJAX

Si bien el método anterior se puede usar para solicitudes AJAX POST, tiene algunos inconvenientes: debe recordar pasar el token CSRF como datos POST con cada solicitud POST. Por esta razón, existe un método alternativo: en cada XMLHttpRequest, establezca un encabezado personalizado X-CSRFToken (como se especifica en ajuste CSRF_HEADER_NAME) el valor del valor del token CSRF. Esto suele ser más fácil porque muchos marcos de JavaScript proporcionan ganchos que permiten establecer encabezados en cada solicitud.

Primero, debe obtener el token CSRF. Cómo hacerlo depende de si la configuración CSRF_USE_SESSIONS y CSRF_COOKIE_HTTPONLY está habilitada o no.

Configuración del token en la solicitud de AJAX

Finalmente, deberá configurar el encabezado en su solicitud AJAX. Usando la API fetch():

const request = new Request(
    /* URL */,
    {
        method: 'POST',
        headers: {'X-CSRFToken': csrftoken},
        mode: 'same-origin' // Do not send CSRF token to another domain.
    }
);
fetch(request).then(function(response) {
    // ...
});

Usando protección CSRF en plantillas de Jinja2

Django’s Jinja2 template backend adds {{ csrf_input }} to the context of all templates which is equivalent to {% csrf_token %} in the Django template language. For example:

<form method="post">{{ csrf_input }}

Usando el método decorador

Rather than adding CsrfViewMiddleware as a blanket protection, you can use the csrf_protect() decorator, which has exactly the same functionality, on particular views that need the protection. It must be used both on views that insert the CSRF token in the output, and on those that accept the POST form data. (These are often the same view function, but not always).

Use of the decorator by itself is not recommended, since if you forget to use it, you will have a security hole. The “belt and braces” strategy of using both is fine, and will incur minimal overhead.

Manejo de solicitudes rechazadas

By default, a “403 Forbidden” response is sent to the user if an incoming request fails the checks performed by CsrfViewMiddleware. This should usually only be seen when there is a genuine Cross Site Request Forgery, or when, due to a programming error, the CSRF token has not been included with a POST form.

La página de error, sin embargo, no es muy amigable, por lo que es posible que desee proporcionar su propia vista para manejar esta condición. Para hacer esto, establezca la configuración CSRF_FAILURE_VIEW.

CSRF failures are logged as warnings to the django.security.csrf logger.

Uso de la protección CSRF con almacenamiento en caché

If the csrf_token template tag is used by a template (or the get_token function is called some other way), CsrfViewMiddleware will add a cookie and a Vary: Cookie header to the response. This means that the middleware will play well with the cache middleware if it is used as instructed (UpdateCacheMiddleware goes before all other middleware).

However, if you use cache decorators on individual views, the CSRF middleware will not yet have been able to set the Vary header or the CSRF cookie, and the response will be cached without either one. In this case, on any views that will require a CSRF token to be inserted you should use the django.views.decorators.csrf.csrf_protect() decorator first:

from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_protect


@cache_page(60 * 15)
@csrf_protect
def my_view(request): ...

If you are using class-based views, you can refer to Decorating class-based views.

Pruebas y protección CSRF

The CsrfViewMiddleware will usually be a big hindrance to testing view functions, due to the need for the CSRF token which must be sent with every POST request. For this reason, Django’s HTTP client for tests has been modified to set a flag on requests which relaxes the middleware and the csrf_protect decorator so that they no longer rejects requests. In every other respect (e.g. sending cookies etc.), they behave the same.

If, for some reason, you want the test client to perform CSRF checks, you can create an instance of the test client that enforces CSRF checks:

>>> from django.test import Client
>>> csrf_client = Client(enforce_csrf_checks=True)

Casos extremos

Certain views can have unusual requirements that mean they don’t fit the normal pattern envisaged here. A number of utilities can be useful in these situations. The scenarios they might be needed in are described in the following section.

Deshabilitar la protección CSRF solo para algunas vistas

La mayoría de las vistas requieren protección CSRF, pero algunas no.

Solution: rather than disabling the middleware and applying csrf_protect to all the views that need it, enable the middleware and use csrf_exempt().

Setting the token when CsrfViewMiddleware.process_view() is not used

There are cases when CsrfViewMiddleware.process_view may not have run before your view is run - 404 and 500 handlers, for example - but you still need the CSRF token in a form.

Solution: use requires_csrf_token()

Including the CSRF token in an unprotected view

There may be some views that are unprotected and have been exempted by csrf_exempt, but still need to include the CSRF token.

Solution: use csrf_exempt() followed by requires_csrf_token(). (i.e. requires_csrf_token should be the innermost decorator).

Protecting a view for only one path

A view needs CSRF protection under one set of conditions only, and mustn’t have it for the rest of the time.

Solution: use csrf_exempt() for the whole view function, and csrf_protect() for the path within it that needs protection. Example:

from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt, csrf_protect


@csrf_exempt
def my_view(request):
    @csrf_protect
    def protected_path(request):
        do_something()

    if some_condition():
        return protected_path(request)
    else:
        do_something_else()

Proteger una página que usa AJAX sin un formulario HTML

A page makes a POST request via AJAX, and the page does not have an HTML form with a csrf_token that would cause the required CSRF cookie to be sent.

Solution: use ensure_csrf_cookie() on the view that sends the page.

CSRF protection in reusable applications

Because it is possible for the developer to turn off the CsrfViewMiddleware, all relevant views in contrib apps use the csrf_protect decorator to ensure the security of these applications against CSRF. It is recommended that the developers of other reusable apps that want the same guarantees also use the csrf_protect decorator on their views.

Back to Top