The Django admin site¶
One of the most powerful parts of Django is the automatic admin interface. It reads metadata from your models to provide a quick, model-centric interface where trusted users can manage content on your site. The admin’s recommended use is limited to an organization’s internal management tool. It’s not intended for building your entire front end around.
The admin has many hooks for customization, but beware of trying to use those hooks exclusively. If you need to provide a more process-centric interface that abstracts away the implementation details of database tables and fields, then it’s probably time to write your own views.
In this document we discuss how to activate, use, and customize Django’s admin interface.
Overview¶
The admin is enabled in the default project template used by
startproject
.
If you’re not using the default project template, here are the requirements:
- Add
'django.contrib.admin'
and its dependencies -django.contrib.auth
,django.contrib.contenttypes
,django.contrib.messages
, anddjango.contrib.sessions
- to yourINSTALLED_APPS
setting. - Configure a
DjangoTemplates
backend in yourTEMPLATES
setting withdjango.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth
anddjango.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages
in the'context_processors'
option ofOPTIONS
. - If you’ve customized the
MIDDLEWARE
setting,django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware
anddjango.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware
must be included. - Hook the admin’s URLs into your URLconf.
After you’ve taken these steps, you’ll be able to use the admin site by
visiting the URL you hooked it into (/admin/
, by default).
If you need to create a user to login with, use the createsuperuser
command. By default, logging in to the admin requires that the user has the
is_superuser
or is_staff
attribute set to
True
.
Finally, determine which of your application’s models should be editable in the
admin interface. For each of those models, register them with the admin as
described in ModelAdmin
.
Other topics¶
See also
For information about serving the static files (images, JavaScript, and CSS) associated with the admin in production, see Serving files.
Having problems? Try FAQ: The admin.
ModelAdmin
objects¶
-
class
ModelAdmin
¶ The
ModelAdmin
class is the representation of a model in the admin interface. Usually, these are stored in a file namedadmin.py
in your application. Let’s take a look at an example of theModelAdmin
:from django.contrib import admin from myproject.myapp.models import Author class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): pass admin.site.register(Author, AuthorAdmin)
Do you need a
ModelAdmin
object at all?In the preceding example, the
ModelAdmin
class doesn’t define any custom values (yet). As a result, the default admin interface will be provided. If you are happy with the default admin interface, you don’t need to define aModelAdmin
object at all – you can register the model class without providing aModelAdmin
description. The preceding example could be simplified to:from django.contrib import admin from myproject.myapp.models import Author admin.site.register(Author)
The register
decorator¶
-
register
(*models, site=django.contrib.admin.sites.site)¶ There is also a decorator for registering your
ModelAdmin
classes:from django.contrib import admin from .models import Author @admin.register(Author) class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): pass
It’s given one or more model classes to register with the
ModelAdmin
. If you’re using a customAdminSite
, pass it using thesite
keyword argument:from django.contrib import admin from .models import Author, Editor, Reader from myproject.admin_site import custom_admin_site @admin.register(Author, Reader, Editor, site=custom_admin_site) class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): pass
You can’t use this decorator if you have to reference your model admin class in its
__init__()
method, e.g.super(PersonAdmin, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
. You can usesuper().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
.
Discovery of admin files¶
When you put 'django.contrib.admin'
in your INSTALLED_APPS
setting, Django automatically looks for an admin
module in each
application and imports it.
-
class
apps.
AdminConfig
¶ This is the default
AppConfig
class for the admin. It callsautodiscover()
when Django starts.
-
class
apps.
SimpleAdminConfig
¶ This class works like
AdminConfig
, except it doesn’t callautodiscover()
.-
default_site
¶ A dotted import path to the default admin site’s class or to a callable that returns a site instance. Defaults to
'django.contrib.admin.sites.AdminSite'
. See Overriding the default admin site for usage.
-
-
autodiscover
()¶ This function attempts to import an
admin
module in each installed application. Such modules are expected to register models with the admin.Typically you won’t need to call this function directly as
AdminConfig
calls it when Django starts.
If you are using a custom AdminSite
, it is common to import all of the
ModelAdmin
subclasses into your code and register them to the custom
AdminSite
. In that case, in order to disable auto-discovery, you should
put 'django.contrib.admin.apps.SimpleAdminConfig'
instead of
'django.contrib.admin'
in your INSTALLED_APPS
setting.
ModelAdmin
options¶
The ModelAdmin
is very flexible. It has several options for dealing with
customizing the interface. All options are defined on the ModelAdmin
subclass:
from django.contrib import admin
class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
date_hierarchy = 'pub_date'
-
ModelAdmin.
actions
¶ A list of actions to make available on the change list page. See Admin actions for details.
-
ModelAdmin.
actions_on_top
¶
-
ModelAdmin.
actions_on_bottom
¶ Controls where on the page the actions bar appears. By default, the admin changelist displays actions at the top of the page (
actions_on_top = True; actions_on_bottom = False
).
-
ModelAdmin.
actions_selection_counter
¶ Controls whether a selection counter is displayed next to the action dropdown. By default, the admin changelist will display it (
actions_selection_counter = True
).
-
ModelAdmin.
date_hierarchy
¶ Set
date_hierarchy
to the name of aDateField
orDateTimeField
in your model, and the change list page will include a date-based drilldown navigation by that field.Example:
date_hierarchy = 'pub_date'
You can also specify a field on a related model using the
__
lookup, for example:date_hierarchy = 'author__pub_date'
This will intelligently populate itself based on available data, e.g. if all the dates are in one month, it’ll show the day-level drill-down only.
Note
date_hierarchy
usesQuerySet.datetimes()
internally. Please refer to its documentation for some caveats when time zone support is enabled (USE_TZ = True
).
-
ModelAdmin.
empty_value_display
¶ This attribute overrides the default display value for record’s fields that are empty (
None
, empty string, etc.). The default value is-
(a dash). For example:from django.contrib import admin class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): empty_value_display = '-empty-'
You can also override
empty_value_display
for all admin pages withAdminSite.empty_value_display
, or for specific fields like this:from django.contrib import admin class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): fields = ('name', 'title', 'view_birth_date') def view_birth_date(self, obj): return obj.birth_date view_birth_date.empty_value_display = '???'
-
ModelAdmin.
exclude
¶ This attribute, if given, should be a list of field names to exclude from the form.
For example, let’s consider the following model:
from django.db import models class Author(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100) title = models.CharField(max_length=3) birth_date = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True)
If you want a form for the
Author
model that includes only thename
andtitle
fields, you would specifyfields
orexclude
like this:from django.contrib import admin class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): fields = ('name', 'title') class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): exclude = ('birth_date',)
Since the Author model only has three fields,
name
,title
, andbirth_date
, the forms resulting from the above declarations will contain exactly the same fields.
-
ModelAdmin.
fields
¶ Use the
fields
option to make simple layout changes in the forms on the “add” and “change” pages such as showing only a subset of available fields, modifying their order, or grouping them into rows. For example, you could define a simpler version of the admin form for thedjango.contrib.flatpages.models.FlatPage
model as follows:class FlatPageAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): fields = ('url', 'title', 'content')
In the above example, only the fields
url
,title
andcontent
will be displayed, sequentially, in the form.fields
can contain values defined inModelAdmin.readonly_fields
to be displayed as read-only.For more complex layout needs, see the
fieldsets
option.The
fields
option accepts the same types of values aslist_display
, except that callables aren’t accepted. Names of model and model admin methods will only be used if they’re listed inreadonly_fields
.To display multiple fields on the same line, wrap those fields in their own tuple. In this example, the
url
andtitle
fields will display on the same line and thecontent
field will be displayed below them on its own line:class FlatPageAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): fields = (('url', 'title'), 'content')
Note
This
fields
option should not be confused with thefields
dictionary key that is within thefieldsets
option, as described in the next section.If neither
fields
norfieldsets
options are present, Django will default to displaying each field that isn’t anAutoField
and haseditable=True
, in a single fieldset, in the same order as the fields are defined in the model.
-
ModelAdmin.
fieldsets
¶ Set
fieldsets
to control the layout of admin “add” and “change” pages.fieldsets
is a list of two-tuples, in which each two-tuple represents a<fieldset>
on the admin form page. (A<fieldset>
is a “section” of the form.)The two-tuples are in the format
(name, field_options)
, wherename
is a string representing the title of the fieldset andfield_options
is a dictionary of information about the fieldset, including a list of fields to be displayed in it.A full example, taken from the
django.contrib.flatpages.models.FlatPage
model:from django.contrib import admin class FlatPageAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): fieldsets = ( (None, { 'fields': ('url', 'title', 'content', 'sites') }), ('Advanced options', { 'classes': ('collapse',), 'fields': ('registration_required', 'template_name'), }), )
This results in an admin page that looks like:
If neither
fieldsets
norfields
options are present, Django will default to displaying each field that isn’t anAutoField
and haseditable=True
, in a single fieldset, in the same order as the fields are defined in the model.The
field_options
dictionary can have the following keys:fields
A tuple of field names to display in this fieldset. This key is required.
Example:
{ 'fields': ('first_name', 'last_name', 'address', 'city', 'state'), }
As with the
fields
option, to display multiple fields on the same line, wrap those fields in their own tuple. In this example, thefirst_name
andlast_name
fields will display on the same line:{ 'fields': (('first_name', 'last_name'), 'address', 'city', 'state'), }
fields
can contain values defined inreadonly_fields
to be displayed as read-only.If you add the name of a callable to
fields
, the same rule applies as with thefields
option: the callable must be listed inreadonly_fields
.
classes
A list or tuple containing extra CSS classes to apply to the fieldset.
Example:
{ 'classes': ('wide', 'extrapretty'), }
Two useful classes defined by the default admin site stylesheet are
collapse
andwide
. Fieldsets with thecollapse
style will be initially collapsed in the admin and replaced with a small “click to expand” link. Fieldsets with thewide
style will be given extra horizontal space.
description
A string of optional extra text to be displayed at the top of each fieldset, under the heading of the fieldset. This string is not rendered for
TabularInline
due to its layout.Note that this value is not HTML-escaped when it’s displayed in the admin interface. This lets you include HTML if you so desire. Alternatively you can use plain text and
django.utils.html.escape()
to escape any HTML special characters.
-
ModelAdmin.
filter_horizontal
¶ By default, a
ManyToManyField
is displayed in the admin site with a<select multiple>
. However, multiple-select boxes can be difficult to use when selecting many items. Adding aManyToManyField
to this list will instead use a nifty unobtrusive JavaScript “filter” interface that allows searching within the options. The unselected and selected options appear in two boxes side by side. Seefilter_vertical
to use a vertical interface.
-
ModelAdmin.
filter_vertical
¶ Same as
filter_horizontal
, but uses a vertical display of the filter interface with the box of unselected options appearing above the box of selected options.
-
ModelAdmin.
form
¶ By default a
ModelForm
is dynamically created for your model. It is used to create the form presented on both the add/change pages. You can easily provide your ownModelForm
to override any default form behavior on the add/change pages. Alternatively, you can customize the default form rather than specifying an entirely new one by using theModelAdmin.get_form()
method.For an example see the section Adding custom validation to the admin.
Note
If you define the
Meta.model
attribute on aModelForm
, you must also define theMeta.fields
attribute (or theMeta.exclude
attribute). However, since the admin has its own way of defining fields, theMeta.fields
attribute will be ignored.If the
ModelForm
is only going to be used for the admin, the easiest solution is to omit theMeta.model
attribute, sinceModelAdmin
will provide the correct model to use. Alternatively, you can setfields = []
in theMeta
class to satisfy the validation on theModelForm
.Note
If your
ModelForm
andModelAdmin
both define anexclude
option thenModelAdmin
takes precedence:from django import forms from django.contrib import admin from myapp.models import Person class PersonForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = Person exclude = ['name'] class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): exclude = ['age'] form = PersonForm
In the above example, the “age” field will be excluded but the “name” field will be included in the generated form.
-
ModelAdmin.
formfield_overrides
¶ This provides a quick-and-dirty way to override some of the
Field
options for use in the admin.formfield_overrides
is a dictionary mapping a field class to a dict of arguments to pass to the field at construction time.Since that’s a bit abstract, let’s look at a concrete example. The most common use of
formfield_overrides
is to add a custom widget for a certain type of field. So, imagine we’ve written aRichTextEditorWidget
that we’d like to use for large text fields instead of the default<textarea>
. Here’s how we’d do that:from django.contrib import admin from django.db import models # Import our custom widget and our model from where they're defined from myapp.models import MyModel from myapp.widgets import RichTextEditorWidget class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): formfield_overrides = { models.TextField: {'widget': RichTextEditorWidget}, }
Note that the key in the dictionary is the actual field class, not a string. The value is another dictionary; these arguments will be passed to the form field’s
__init__()
method. See The Forms API for details.Warning
If you want to use a custom widget with a relation field (i.e.
ForeignKey
orManyToManyField
), make sure you haven’t included that field’s name inraw_id_fields
,radio_fields
, orautocomplete_fields
.formfield_overrides
won’t let you change the widget on relation fields that haveraw_id_fields
,radio_fields
, orautocomplete_fields
set. That’s becauseraw_id_fields
,radio_fields
, andautocomplete_fields
imply custom widgets of their own.
-
ModelAdmin.
inlines
¶ See
InlineModelAdmin
objects below as well asModelAdmin.get_formsets_with_inlines()
.
-
ModelAdmin.
list_display
¶ Set
list_display
to control which fields are displayed on the change list page of the admin.Example:
list_display = ('first_name', 'last_name')
If you don’t set
list_display
, the admin site will display a single column that displays the__str__()
representation of each object.There are four types of values that can be used in
list_display
:The name of a model field. For example:
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('first_name', 'last_name')
A callable that accepts one argument, the model instance. For example:
def upper_case_name(obj): return ("%s %s" % (obj.first_name, obj.last_name)).upper() upper_case_name.short_description = 'Name' class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = (upper_case_name,)
A string representing a
ModelAdmin
method that accepts one argument, the model instance. For example:class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('upper_case_name',) def upper_case_name(self, obj): return ("%s %s" % (obj.first_name, obj.last_name)).upper() upper_case_name.short_description = 'Name'
A string representing a model attribute or method (without any required arguments). For example:
from django.contrib import admin from django.db import models class Person(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=50) birthday = models.DateField() def decade_born_in(self): return self.birthday.strftime('%Y')[:3] + "0's" decade_born_in.short_description = 'Birth decade' class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('name', 'decade_born_in')
A few special cases to note about
list_display
:If the field is a
ForeignKey
, Django will display the__str__()
of the related object.ManyToManyField
fields aren’t supported, because that would entail executing a separate SQL statement for each row in the table. If you want to do this nonetheless, give your model a custom method, and add that method’s name tolist_display
. (See below for more on custom methods inlist_display
.)If the field is a
BooleanField
, Django will display a pretty “on” or “off” icon instead ofTrue
orFalse
.If the string given is a method of the model,
ModelAdmin
or a callable, Django will HTML-escape the output by default. To escape user input and allow your own unescaped tags, useformat_html()
.Here’s a full example model:
from django.contrib import admin from django.db import models from django.utils.html import format_html class Person(models.Model): first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50) last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50) color_code = models.CharField(max_length=6) def colored_name(self): return format_html( '<span style="color: #{};">{} {}</span>', self.color_code, self.first_name, self.last_name, ) class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('first_name', 'last_name', 'colored_name')
As some examples have already demonstrated, when using a callable, a model method, or a
ModelAdmin
method, you can customize the column’s title by adding ashort_description
attribute to the callable.If the value of a field is
None
, an empty string, or an iterable without elements, Django will display-
(a dash). You can override this withAdminSite.empty_value_display
:from django.contrib import admin admin.site.empty_value_display = '(None)'
You can also use
ModelAdmin.empty_value_display
:class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): empty_value_display = 'unknown'
Or on a field level:
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('name', 'birth_date_view') def birth_date_view(self, obj): return obj.birth_date birth_date_view.empty_value_display = 'unknown'
If the string given is a method of the model,
ModelAdmin
or a callable that returns True or False Django will display a pretty “on” or “off” icon if you give the method aboolean
attribute whose value isTrue
.Here’s a full example model:
from django.contrib import admin from django.db import models class Person(models.Model): first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50) birthday = models.DateField() def born_in_fifties(self): return self.birthday.strftime('%Y')[:3] == '195' born_in_fifties.boolean = True class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('name', 'born_in_fifties')
The
__str__()
method is just as valid inlist_display
as any other model method, so it’s perfectly OK to do this:list_display = ('__str__', 'some_other_field')
Usually, elements of
list_display
that aren’t actual database fields can’t be used in sorting (because Django does all the sorting at the database level).However, if an element of
list_display
represents a certain database field, you can indicate this fact by setting theadmin_order_field
attribute of the item.For example:
from django.contrib import admin from django.db import models from django.utils.html import format_html class Person(models.Model): first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50) color_code = models.CharField(max_length=6) def colored_first_name(self): return format_html( '<span style="color: #{};">{}</span>', self.color_code, self.first_name, ) colored_first_name.admin_order_field = 'first_name' class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('first_name', 'colored_first_name')
The above will tell Django to order by the
first_name
field when trying to sort bycolored_first_name
in the admin.To indicate descending order with
admin_order_field
you can use a hyphen prefix on the field name. Using the above example, this would look like:colored_first_name.admin_order_field = '-first_name'
admin_order_field
supports query lookups to sort by values on related models. This example includes an “author first name” column in the list display and allows sorting it by first name:class Blog(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=255) author = models.ForeignKey(Person, on_delete=models.CASCADE) class BlogAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('title', 'author', 'author_first_name') def author_first_name(self, obj): return obj.author.first_name author_first_name.admin_order_field = 'author__first_name'
Query expressions may be used in
admin_order_field
. For example:from django.db.models import Value from django.db.models.functions import Concat class Person(models.Model): first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50) last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50) def full_name(self): return self.first_name + ' ' + self.last_name full_name.admin_order_field = Concat('first_name', Value(' '), 'last_name')
Elements of
list_display
can also be properties. Please note however, that due to the way properties work in Python, settingshort_description
oradmin_order_field
on a property is only possible when using theproperty()
function and not with the@property
decorator.For example:
class Person(models.Model): first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50) last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50) def my_property(self): return self.first_name + ' ' + self.last_name my_property.short_description = "Full name of the person" my_property.admin_order_field = 'last_name' full_name = property(my_property) class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('full_name',)
The field names in
list_display
will also appear as CSS classes in the HTML output, in the form ofcolumn-<field_name>
on each<th>
element. This can be used to set column widths in a CSS file for example.Django will try to interpret every element of
list_display
in this order:- A field of the model.
- A callable.
- A string representing a
ModelAdmin
attribute. - A string representing a model attribute.
For example if you have
first_name
as a model field and as aModelAdmin
attribute, the model field will be used.
-
ModelAdmin.
list_display_links
¶ Use
list_display_links
to control if and which fields inlist_display
should be linked to the “change” page for an object.By default, the change list page will link the first column – the first field specified in
list_display
– to the change page for each item. Butlist_display_links
lets you change this:Set it to
None
to get no links at all.Set it to a list or tuple of fields (in the same format as
list_display
) whose columns you want converted to links.You can specify one or many fields. As long as the fields appear in
list_display
, Django doesn’t care how many (or how few) fields are linked. The only requirement is that if you want to uselist_display_links
in this fashion, you must definelist_display
.
In this example, the
first_name
andlast_name
fields will be linked on the change list page:class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('first_name', 'last_name', 'birthday') list_display_links = ('first_name', 'last_name')
In this example, the change list page grid will have no links:
class AuditEntryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('timestamp', 'message') list_display_links = None
-
ModelAdmin.
list_editable
¶ Set
list_editable
to a list of field names on the model which will allow editing on the change list page. That is, fields listed inlist_editable
will be displayed as form widgets on the change list page, allowing users to edit and save multiple rows at once.Note
list_editable
interacts with a couple of other options in particular ways; you should note the following rules:- Any field in
list_editable
must also be inlist_display
. You can’t edit a field that’s not displayed! - The same field can’t be listed in both
list_editable
andlist_display_links
– a field can’t be both a form and a link.
You’ll get a validation error if either of these rules are broken.
- Any field in
-
ModelAdmin.
list_filter
¶ Set
list_filter
to activate filters in the right sidebar of the change list page of the admin, as illustrated in the following screenshot:list_filter
should be a list or tuple of elements, where each element should be of one of the following types:a field name, where the specified field should be either a
BooleanField
,CharField
,DateField
,DateTimeField
,IntegerField
,ForeignKey
orManyToManyField
, for example:class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_filter = ('is_staff', 'company')
Field names in
list_filter
can also span relations using the__
lookup, for example:class PersonAdmin(admin.UserAdmin): list_filter = ('company__name',)
a class inheriting from
django.contrib.admin.SimpleListFilter
, which you need to provide thetitle
andparameter_name
attributes to and override thelookups
andqueryset
methods, e.g.:from datetime import date from django.contrib import admin from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _ class DecadeBornListFilter(admin.SimpleListFilter): # Human-readable title which will be displayed in the # right admin sidebar just above the filter options. title = _('decade born') # Parameter for the filter that will be used in the URL query. parameter_name = 'decade' def lookups(self, request, model_admin): """ Returns a list of tuples. The first element in each tuple is the coded value for the option that will appear in the URL query. The second element is the human-readable name for the option that will appear in the right sidebar. """ return ( ('80s', _('in the eighties')), ('90s', _('in the nineties')), ) def queryset(self, request, queryset): """ Returns the filtered queryset based on the value provided in the query string and retrievable via `self.value()`. """ # Compare the requested value (either '80s' or '90s') # to decide how to filter the queryset. if self.value() == '80s': return queryset.filter(birthday__gte=date(1980, 1, 1), birthday__lte=date(1989, 12, 31)) if self.value() == '90s': return queryset.filter(birthday__gte=date(1990, 1, 1), birthday__lte=date(1999, 12, 31)) class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_filter = (DecadeBornListFilter,)
Note
As a convenience, the
HttpRequest
object is passed to thelookups
andqueryset
methods, for example:class AuthDecadeBornListFilter(DecadeBornListFilter): def lookups(self, request, model_admin): if request.user.is_superuser: return super().lookups(request, model_admin) def queryset(self, request, queryset): if request.user.is_superuser: return super().queryset(request, queryset)
Also as a convenience, the
ModelAdmin
object is passed to thelookups
method, for example if you want to base the lookups on the available data:class AdvancedDecadeBornListFilter(DecadeBornListFilter): def lookups(self, request, model_admin): """ Only show the lookups if there actually is anyone born in the corresponding decades. """ qs = model_admin.get_queryset(request) if qs.filter(birthday__gte=date(1980, 1, 1), birthday__lte=date(1989, 12, 31)).exists(): yield ('80s', _('in the eighties')) if qs.filter(birthday__gte=date(1990, 1, 1), birthday__lte=date(1999, 12, 31)).exists(): yield ('90s', _('in the nineties'))
a tuple, where the first element is a field name and the second element is a class inheriting from
django.contrib.admin.FieldListFilter
, for example:class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_filter = ( ('is_staff', admin.BooleanFieldListFilter), )
You can limit the choices of a related model to the objects involved in that relation using
RelatedOnlyFieldListFilter
:class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_filter = ( ('author', admin.RelatedOnlyFieldListFilter), )
Assuming
author
is aForeignKey
to aUser
model, this will limit thelist_filter
choices to the users who have written a book instead of listing all users.Note
The
FieldListFilter
API is considered internal and might be changed.
List filter’s typically appear only if the filter has more than one choice. A filter’s
has_output()
method controls whether or not it appears.It is possible to specify a custom template for rendering a list filter:
class FilterWithCustomTemplate(admin.SimpleListFilter): template = "custom_template.html"
See the default template provided by Django (
admin/filter.html
) for a concrete example.
-
ModelAdmin.
list_max_show_all
¶ Set
list_max_show_all
to control how many items can appear on a “Show all” admin change list page. The admin will display a “Show all” link on the change list only if the total result count is less than or equal to this setting. By default, this is set to200
.
-
ModelAdmin.
list_per_page
¶ Set
list_per_page
to control how many items appear on each paginated admin change list page. By default, this is set to100
.
Set
list_select_related
to tell Django to useselect_related()
in retrieving the list of objects on the admin change list page. This can save you a bunch of database queries.The value should be either a boolean, a list or a tuple. Default is
False
.When value is
True
,select_related()
will always be called. When value is set toFalse
, Django will look atlist_display
and callselect_related()
if anyForeignKey
is present.If you need more fine-grained control, use a tuple (or list) as value for
list_select_related
. Empty tuple will prevent Django from callingselect_related
at all. Any other tuple will be passed directly toselect_related
as parameters. For example:class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_select_related = ('author', 'category')
will call
select_related('author', 'category')
.If you need to specify a dynamic value based on the request, you can implement a
get_list_select_related()
method.Note
ModelAdmin
ignores this attribute whenselect_related()
was already called on the changelist’sQuerySet
.
-
ModelAdmin.
ordering
¶ Set
ordering
to specify how lists of objects should be ordered in the Django admin views. This should be a list or tuple in the same format as a model’sordering
parameter.If this isn’t provided, the Django admin will use the model’s default ordering.
If you need to specify a dynamic order (for example depending on user or language) you can implement a
get_ordering()
method.Performance considerations with ordering and sorting
To ensure a deterministic ordering of results, the changelist adds
pk
to the ordering if it can’t find a single or unique together set of fields that provide total ordering.For example, if the default ordering is by a non-unique
name
field, then the changelist is sorted byname
andpk
. This could perform poorly if you have a lot of rows and don’t have an index onname
andpk
.
-
ModelAdmin.
paginator
¶ The paginator class to be used for pagination. By default,
django.core.paginator.Paginator
is used. If the custom paginator class doesn’t have the same constructor interface asdjango.core.paginator.Paginator
, you will also need to provide an implementation forModelAdmin.get_paginator()
.
-
ModelAdmin.
prepopulated_fields
¶ Set
prepopulated_fields
to a dictionary mapping field names to the fields it should prepopulate from:class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): prepopulated_fields = {"slug": ("title",)}
When set, the given fields will use a bit of JavaScript to populate from the fields assigned. The main use for this functionality is to automatically generate the value for
SlugField
fields from one or more other fields. The generated value is produced by concatenating the values of the source fields, and then by transforming that result into a valid slug (e.g. substituting dashes for spaces; lowercasing ASCII letters; and removing various English stop words such as ‘a’, ‘an’, ‘as’, and similar).Prepopulated fields aren’t modified by JavaScript after a value has been saved. It’s usually undesired that slugs change (which would cause an object’s URL to change if the slug is used in it).
prepopulated_fields
doesn’t acceptDateTimeField
,ForeignKey
,OneToOneField
, andManyToManyField
fields.
-
ModelAdmin.
preserve_filters
¶ By default, applied filters are preserved on the list view after creating, editing, or deleting an object. You can have filters cleared by setting this attribute to
False
.
-
ModelAdmin.
radio_fields
¶ By default, Django’s admin uses a select-box interface (<select>) for fields that are
ForeignKey
or havechoices
set. If a field is present inradio_fields
, Django will use a radio-button interface instead. Assuminggroup
is aForeignKey
on thePerson
model:class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): radio_fields = {"group": admin.VERTICAL}
You have the choice of using
HORIZONTAL
orVERTICAL
from thedjango.contrib.admin
module.Don’t include a field in
radio_fields
unless it’s aForeignKey
or haschoices
set.
-
ModelAdmin.
autocomplete_fields
¶ autocomplete_fields
is a list ofForeignKey
and/orManyToManyField
fields you would like to change to Select2 autocomplete inputs.By default, the admin uses a select-box interface (
<select>
) for those fields. Sometimes you don’t want to incur the overhead of selecting all the related instances to display in the dropdown.The Select2 input looks similar to the default input but comes with a search feature that loads the options asynchronously. This is faster and more user-friendly if the related model has many instances.
You must define
search_fields
on the related object’sModelAdmin
because the autocomplete search uses it.To avoid unauthorized data disclosure, users must have the
view
orchange
permission to the related object in order to use autocomplete.Ordering and pagination of the results are controlled by the related
ModelAdmin
’sget_ordering()
andget_paginator()
methods.In the following example,
ChoiceAdmin
has an autocomplete field for theForeignKey
to theQuestion
. The results are filtered by thequestion_text
field and ordered by thedate_created
field:class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): ordering = ['date_created'] search_fields = ['question_text'] class ChoiceAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): autocomplete_fields = ['question']
Performance considerations for large datasets
Ordering using
ModelAdmin.ordering
may cause performance problems as sorting on a large queryset will be slow.Also, if your search fields include fields that aren’t indexed by the database, you might encounter poor performance on extremely large tables.
For those cases, it’s a good idea to write your own
ModelAdmin.get_search_results()
implementation using a full-text indexed search.You may also want to change the
Paginator
on very large tables as the default paginator always performs acount()
query. For example, you could override the default implementation of thePaginator.count
property.
-
ModelAdmin.
raw_id_fields
¶ By default, Django’s admin uses a select-box interface (<select>) for fields that are
ForeignKey
. Sometimes you don’t want to incur the overhead of having to select all the related instances to display in the drop-down.raw_id_fields
is a list of fields you would like to change into anInput
widget for either aForeignKey
orManyToManyField
:class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): raw_id_fields = ("newspaper",)
The
raw_id_fields
Input
widget should contain a primary key if the field is aForeignKey
or a comma separated list of values if the field is aManyToManyField
. Theraw_id_fields
widget shows a magnifying glass button next to the field which allows users to search for and select a value:
-
ModelAdmin.
readonly_fields
¶ By default the admin shows all fields as editable. Any fields in this option (which should be a
list
ortuple
) will display its data as-is and non-editable; they are also excluded from theModelForm
used for creating and editing. Note that when specifyingModelAdmin.fields
orModelAdmin.fieldsets
the read-only fields must be present to be shown (they are ignored otherwise).If
readonly_fields
is used without defining explicit ordering throughModelAdmin.fields
orModelAdmin.fieldsets
they will be added last after all editable fields.A read-only field can not only display data from a model’s field, it can also display the output of a model’s method or a method of the
ModelAdmin
class itself. This is very similar to the wayModelAdmin.list_display
behaves. This provides a way to use the admin interface to provide feedback on the status of the objects being edited, for example:from django.contrib import admin from django.utils.html import format_html_join from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): readonly_fields = ('address_report',) def address_report(self, instance): # assuming get_full_address() returns a list of strings # for each line of the address and you want to separate each # line by a linebreak return format_html_join( mark_safe('<br>'), '{}', ((line,) for line in instance.get_full_address()), ) or mark_safe("<span class='errors'>I can't determine this address.</span>") # short_description functions like a model field's verbose_name address_report.short_description = "Address"
-
ModelAdmin.
save_as
¶ Set
save_as
to enable a “save as new” feature on admin change forms.Normally, objects have three save options: “Save”, “Save and continue editing”, and “Save and add another”. If
save_as
isTrue
, “Save and add another” will be replaced by a “Save as new” button that creates a new object (with a new ID) rather than updating the existing object.By default,
save_as
is set toFalse
.
-
ModelAdmin.
save_as_continue
¶ When
save_as=True
, the default redirect after saving the new object is to the change view for that object. If you setsave_as_continue=False
, the redirect will be to the changelist view.By default,
save_as_continue
is set toTrue
.
-
ModelAdmin.
save_on_top
¶ Set
save_on_top
to add save buttons across the top of your admin change forms.Normally, the save buttons appear only at the bottom of the forms. If you set
save_on_top
, the buttons will appear both on the top and the bottom.By default,
save_on_top
is set toFalse
.
-
ModelAdmin.
search_fields
¶ Set
search_fields
to enable a search box on the admin change list page. This should be set to a list of field names that will be searched whenever somebody submits a search query in that text box.These fields should be some kind of text field, such as
CharField
orTextField
. You can also perform a related lookup on aForeignKey
orManyToManyField
with the lookup API “follow” notation:search_fields = ['foreign_key__related_fieldname']
For example, if you have a blog entry with an author, the following definition would enable searching blog entries by the email address of the author:
search_fields = ['user__email']
When somebody does a search in the admin search box, Django splits the search query into words and returns all objects that contain each of the words, case-insensitive (using the
icontains
lookup), where each word must be in at least one ofsearch_fields
. For example, ifsearch_fields
is set to['first_name', 'last_name']
and a user searches forjohn lennon
, Django will do the equivalent of this SQLWHERE
clause:WHERE (first_name ILIKE '%john%' OR last_name ILIKE '%john%') AND (first_name ILIKE '%lennon%' OR last_name ILIKE '%lennon%')
If you don’t want to use
icontains
as the lookup, you can use any lookup by appending it the field. For example, you could useexact
by settingsearch_fields
to['first_name__exact']
.Beware that because query terms are split and ANDed as described earlier, searching with
exact
only works with a single search word since two or more words can’t all be an exact match unless all words are the same.Some (older) shortcuts for specifying a field lookup are also available. You can prefix a field in
search_fields
with the following characters and it’s equivalent to adding__<lookup>
to the field:Prefix Lookup ^ startswith
= iexact
@ search
None icontains
If you need to customize search you can use
ModelAdmin.get_search_results()
to provide additional or alternate search behavior.
-
ModelAdmin.
show_full_result_count
¶ Set
show_full_result_count
to control whether the full count of objects should be displayed on a filtered admin page (e.g.99 results (103 total)
). If this option is set toFalse
, a text like99 results (Show all)
is displayed instead.The default of
show_full_result_count=True
generates a query to perform a full count on the table which can be expensive if the table contains a large number of rows.
-
ModelAdmin.
sortable_by
¶ By default, the change list page allows sorting by all model fields (and callables that have the
admin_order_field
property) specified inlist_display
.If you want to disable sorting for some columns, set
sortable_by
to a collection (e.g.list
,tuple
, orset
) of the subset oflist_display
that you want to be sortable. An empty collection disables sorting for all columns.If you need to specify this list dynamically, implement a
get_sortable_by()
method instead.
-
ModelAdmin.
view_on_site
¶ Set
view_on_site
to control whether or not to display the “View on site” link. This link should bring you to a URL where you can display the saved object.This value can be either a boolean flag or a callable. If
True
(the default), the object’sget_absolute_url()
method will be used to generate the url.If your model has a
get_absolute_url()
method but you don’t want the “View on site” button to appear, you only need to setview_on_site
toFalse
:from django.contrib import admin class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): view_on_site = False
In case it is a callable, it accepts the model instance as a parameter. For example:
from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import reverse class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): def view_on_site(self, obj): url = reverse('person-detail', kwargs={'slug': obj.slug}) return 'https://example.com' + url
Custom template options¶
The Overriding admin templates section describes how to override or extend
the default admin templates. Use the following options to override the default
templates used by the ModelAdmin
views:
-
ModelAdmin.
add_form_template
¶ Path to a custom template, used by
add_view()
.
-
ModelAdmin.
change_form_template
¶ Path to a custom template, used by
change_view()
.
-
ModelAdmin.
change_list_template
¶ Path to a custom template, used by
changelist_view()
.
-
ModelAdmin.
delete_confirmation_template
¶ Path to a custom template, used by
delete_view()
for displaying a confirmation page when deleting one or more objects.
-
ModelAdmin.
delete_selected_confirmation_template
¶ Path to a custom template, used by the
delete_selected
action method for displaying a confirmation page when deleting one or more objects. See the actions documentation.
-
ModelAdmin.
object_history_template
¶ Path to a custom template, used by
history_view()
.
-
ModelAdmin.
popup_response_template
¶ Path to a custom template, used by
response_add()
,response_change()
, andresponse_delete()
.
ModelAdmin
methods¶
Warning
When overriding ModelAdmin.save_model()
and
ModelAdmin.delete_model()
, your code must save/delete the
object. They aren’t meant for veto purposes, rather they allow you to
perform extra operations.
-
ModelAdmin.
save_model
(request, obj, form, change)¶ The
save_model
method is given theHttpRequest
, a model instance, aModelForm
instance, and a boolean value based on whether it is adding or changing the object. Overriding this method allows doing pre- or post-save operations. Callsuper().save_model()
to save the object usingModel.save()
.For example to attach
request.user
to the object prior to saving:from django.contrib import admin class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): def save_model(self, request, obj, form, change): obj.user = request.user super().save_model(request, obj, form, change)
-
ModelAdmin.
delete_model
(request, obj)¶ The
delete_model
method is given theHttpRequest
and a model instance. Overriding this method allows doing pre- or post-delete operations. Callsuper().delete_model()
to delete the object usingModel.delete()
.
-
ModelAdmin.
delete_queryset
(request, queryset)¶ The
delete_queryset()
method is given theHttpRequest
and aQuerySet
of objects to be deleted. Override this method to customize the deletion process for the “delete selected objects” action.
-
ModelAdmin.
save_formset
(request, form, formset, change)¶ The
save_formset
method is given theHttpRequest
, the parentModelForm
instance and a boolean value based on whether it is adding or changing the parent object.For example, to attach
request.user
to each changed formset model instance:class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): def save_formset(self, request, form, formset, change): instances = formset.save(commit=False) for obj in formset.deleted_objects: obj.delete() for instance in instances: instance.user = request.user instance.save() formset.save_m2m()
See also Saving objects in the formset.
-
ModelAdmin.
get_ordering
(request)¶ The
get_ordering
method takes arequest
as parameter and is expected to return alist
ortuple
for ordering similar to theordering
attribute. For example:class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): def get_ordering(self, request): if request.user.is_superuser: return ['name', 'rank'] else: return ['name']
-
ModelAdmin.
get_search_results
(request, queryset, search_term)¶ The
get_search_results
method modifies the list of objects displayed into those that match the provided search term. It accepts the request, a queryset that applies the current filters, and the user-provided search term. It returns a tuple containing a queryset modified to implement the search, and a boolean indicating if the results may contain duplicates.The default implementation searches the fields named in
ModelAdmin.search_fields
.This method may be overridden with your own custom search method. For example, you might wish to search by an integer field, or use an external tool such as Solr or Haystack. You must establish if the queryset changes implemented by your search method may introduce duplicates into the results, and return
True
in the second element of the return value.For example, to search by
name
andage
, you could use:class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('name', 'age') search_fields = ('name',) def get_search_results(self, request, queryset, search_term): queryset, use_distinct = super().get_search_results(request, queryset, search_term) try: search_term_as_int = int(search_term) except ValueError: pass else: queryset |= self.model.objects.filter(age=search_term_as_int) return queryset, use_distinct
This implementation is more efficient than
search_fields = ('name', '=age')
which results in a string comparison for the numeric field, for example... OR UPPER("polls_choice"."votes"::text) = UPPER('4')
on PostgreSQL.
The
save_related
method is given theHttpRequest
, the parentModelForm
instance, the list of inline formsets and a boolean value based on whether the parent is being added or changed. Here you can do any pre- or post-save operations for objects related to the parent. Note that at this point the parent object and its form have already been saved.
-
ModelAdmin.
get_autocomplete_fields
(request)¶ The
get_autocomplete_fields()
method is given theHttpRequest
and is expected to return alist
ortuple
of field names that will be displayed with an autocomplete widget as described above in theModelAdmin.autocomplete_fields
section.
-
ModelAdmin.
get_readonly_fields
(request, obj=None)¶ The
get_readonly_fields
method is given theHttpRequest
and theobj
being edited (orNone
on an add form) and is expected to return alist
ortuple
of field names that will be displayed as read-only, as described above in theModelAdmin.readonly_fields
section.
-
ModelAdmin.
get_prepopulated_fields
(request, obj=None)¶ The
get_prepopulated_fields
method is given theHttpRequest
and theobj
being edited (orNone
on an add form) and is expected to return adictionary
, as described above in theModelAdmin.prepopulated_fields
section.
-
ModelAdmin.
get_list_display
(request)¶ The
get_list_display
method is given theHttpRequest
and is expected to return alist
ortuple
of field names that will be displayed on the changelist view as described above in theModelAdmin.list_display
section.
-
ModelAdmin.
get_list_display_links
(request, list_display)¶ The
get_list_display_links
method is given theHttpRequest
and thelist
ortuple
returned byModelAdmin.get_list_display()
. It is expected to return eitherNone
or alist
ortuple
of field names on the changelist that will be linked to the change view, as described in theModelAdmin.list_display_links
section.
-
ModelAdmin.
get_exclude
(request, obj=None)¶ The
get_exclude
method is given theHttpRequest
and theobj
being edited (orNone
on an add form) and is expected to return a list of fields, as described inModelAdmin.exclude
.
-
ModelAdmin.
get_fields
(request, obj=None)¶ The
get_fields
method is given theHttpRequest
and theobj
being edited (orNone
on an add form) and is expected to return a list of fields, as described above in theModelAdmin.fields
section.
-
ModelAdmin.
get_fieldsets
(request, obj=None)¶ The
get_fieldsets
method is given theHttpRequest
and theobj
being edited (orNone
on an add form) and is expected to return a list of two-tuples, in which each two-tuple represents a<fieldset>
on the admin form page, as described above in theModelAdmin.fieldsets
section.
-
ModelAdmin.
get_list_filter
(request)¶ The
get_list_filter
method is given theHttpRequest
and is expected to return the same kind of sequence type as for thelist_filter
attribute.
The
get_list_select_related
method is given theHttpRequest
and should return a boolean or list asModelAdmin.list_select_related
does.
-
ModelAdmin.
get_search_fields
(request)¶ The
get_search_fields
method is given theHttpRequest
and is expected to return the same kind of sequence type as for thesearch_fields
attribute.
-
ModelAdmin.
get_sortable_by
(request)¶ The
get_sortable_by()
method is passed theHttpRequest
and is expected to return a collection (e.g.list
,tuple
, orset
) of field names that will be sortable in the change list page.Its default implementation returns
sortable_by
if it’s set, otherwise it defers toget_list_display()
.For example, to prevent one or more columns from being sortable:
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): def get_sortable_by(self, request): return {*self.get_list_display(request)} - {'rank'}
-
ModelAdmin.
get_inline_instances
(request, obj=None)¶ The
get_inline_instances
method is given theHttpRequest
and theobj
being edited (orNone
on an add form) and is expected to return alist
ortuple
ofInlineModelAdmin
objects, as described below in theInlineModelAdmin
section. For example, the following would return inlines without the default filtering based on add, change, delete, and view permissions:class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): inlines = (MyInline,) def get_inline_instances(self, request, obj=None): return [inline(self.model, self.admin_site) for inline in self.inlines]
If you override this method, make sure that the returned inlines are instances of the classes defined in
inlines
or you might encounter a “Bad Request” error when adding related objects.
-
ModelAdmin.
get_inlines
(request, obj)¶ - New in Django 3.0.
The
get_inlines
method is given theHttpRequest
and theobj
being edited (orNone
on an add form) and is expected to return an iterable of inlines. You can override this method to dynamically add inlines based on the request or model instance instead of specifying them inModelAdmin.inlines
.
-
ModelAdmin.
get_urls
()¶ The
get_urls
method on aModelAdmin
returns the URLs to be used for that ModelAdmin in the same way as a URLconf. Therefore you can extend them as documented in URL dispatcher:from django.contrib import admin from django.template.response import TemplateResponse from django.urls import path class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): def get_urls(self): urls = super().get_urls() my_urls = [ path('my_view/', self.my_view), ] return my_urls + urls def my_view(self, request): # ... context = dict( # Include common variables for rendering the admin template. self.admin_site.each_context(request), # Anything else you want in the context... key=value, ) return TemplateResponse(request, "sometemplate.html", context)
If you want to use the admin layout, extend from
admin/base_site.html
:{% extends "admin/base_site.html" %} {% block content %} ... {% endblock %}
Note
Notice that the custom patterns are included before the regular admin URLs: the admin URL patterns are very permissive and will match nearly anything, so you’ll usually want to prepend your custom URLs to the built-in ones.
In this example,
my_view
will be accessed at/admin/myapp/mymodel/my_view/
(assuming the admin URLs are included at/admin/
.)However, the
self.my_view
function registered above suffers from two problems:- It will not perform any permission checks, so it will be accessible to the general public.
- It will not provide any header details to prevent caching. This means if the page retrieves data from the database, and caching middleware is active, the page could show outdated information.
Since this is usually not what you want, Django provides a convenience wrapper to check permissions and mark the view as non-cacheable. This wrapper is
AdminSite.admin_view()
(i.e.self.admin_site.admin_view
inside aModelAdmin
instance); use it like so:class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): def get_urls(self): urls = super().get_urls() my_urls = [ path('my_view/', self.admin_site.admin_view(self.my_view)) ] return my_urls + urls
Notice the wrapped view in the fifth line above:
path('my_view/', self.admin_site.admin_view(self.my_view))
This wrapping will protect
self.my_view
from unauthorized access and will apply thedjango.views.decorators.cache.never_cache()
decorator to make sure it is not cached if the cache middleware is active.If the page is cacheable, but you still want the permission check to be performed, you can pass a
cacheable=True
argument toAdminSite.admin_view()
:path('my_view/', self.admin_site.admin_view(self.my_view, cacheable=True))
ModelAdmin
views havemodel_admin
attributes. OtherAdminSite
views haveadmin_site
attributes.
-
ModelAdmin.
get_form
(request, obj=None, **kwargs)¶ Returns a
ModelForm
class for use in the admin add and change views, seeadd_view()
andchange_view()
.The base implementation uses
modelform_factory()
to subclassform
, modified by attributes such asfields
andexclude
. So, for example, if you wanted to offer additional fields to superusers, you could swap in a different base form like so:class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): def get_form(self, request, obj=None, **kwargs): if request.user.is_superuser: kwargs['form'] = MySuperuserForm return super().get_form(request, obj, **kwargs)
You may also return a custom
ModelForm
class directly.
-
ModelAdmin.
get_formsets_with_inlines
(request, obj=None)¶ Yields (
FormSet
,InlineModelAdmin
) pairs for use in admin add and change views.For example if you wanted to display a particular inline only in the change view, you could override
get_formsets_with_inlines
as follows:class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): inlines = [MyInline, SomeOtherInline] def get_formsets_with_inlines(self, request, obj=None): for inline in self.get_inline_instances(request, obj): # hide MyInline in the add view if not isinstance(inline, MyInline) or obj is not None: yield inline.get_formset(request, obj), inline
-
ModelAdmin.
formfield_for_foreignkey
(db_field, request, **kwargs)¶ The
formfield_for_foreignkey
method on aModelAdmin
allows you to override the default formfield for a foreign keys field. For example, to return a subset of objects for this foreign key field based on the user:class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): def formfield_for_foreignkey(self, db_field, request, **kwargs): if db_field.name == "car": kwargs["queryset"] = Car.objects.filter(owner=request.user) return super().formfield_for_foreignkey(db_field, request, **kwargs)
This uses the
HttpRequest
instance to filter theCar
foreign key field to only display the cars owned by theUser
instance.For more complex filters, you can use
ModelForm.__init__()
method to filter based on aninstance
of your model (see Fields which handle relationships). For example:class CountryAdminForm(forms.ModelForm): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.fields['capital'].queryset = self.instance.cities.all() class CountryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): form = CountryAdminForm
-
ModelAdmin.
formfield_for_manytomany
(db_field, request, **kwargs)¶ Like the
formfield_for_foreignkey
method, theformfield_for_manytomany
method can be overridden to change the default formfield for a many to many field. For example, if an owner can own multiple cars and cars can belong to multiple owners – a many to many relationship – you could filter theCar
foreign key field to only display the cars owned by theUser
:class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): def formfield_for_manytomany(self, db_field, request, **kwargs): if db_field.name == "cars": kwargs["queryset"] = Car.objects.filter(owner=request.user) return super().formfield_for_manytomany(db_field, request, **kwargs)
-
ModelAdmin.
formfield_for_choice_field
(db_field, request, **kwargs)¶ Like the
formfield_for_foreignkey
andformfield_for_manytomany
methods, theformfield_for_choice_field
method can be overridden to change the default formfield for a field that has declared choices. For example, if the choices available to a superuser should be different than those available to regular staff, you could proceed as follows:class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): def formfield_for_choice_field(self, db_field, request, **kwargs): if db_field.name == "status": kwargs['choices'] = ( ('accepted', 'Accepted'), ('denied', 'Denied'), ) if request.user.is_superuser: kwargs['choices'] += (('ready', 'Ready for deployment'),) return super().formfield_for_choice_field(db_field, request, **kwargs)
Note
Any
choices
attribute set on the formfield will be limited to the form field only. If the corresponding field on the model has choices set, the choices provided to the form must be a valid subset of those choices, otherwise the form submission will fail with aValidationError
when the model itself is validated before saving.
-
ModelAdmin.
get_changelist
(request, **kwargs)¶ Returns the
Changelist
class to be used for listing. By default,django.contrib.admin.views.main.ChangeList
is used. By inheriting this class you can change the behavior of the listing.
-
ModelAdmin.
get_changelist_form
(request, **kwargs)¶ Returns a
ModelForm
class for use in theFormset
on the changelist page. To use a custom form, for example:from django import forms class MyForm(forms.ModelForm): pass class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): def get_changelist_form(self, request, **kwargs): return MyForm
Note
If you define the
Meta.model
attribute on aModelForm
, you must also define theMeta.fields
attribute (or theMeta.exclude
attribute). However,ModelAdmin
ignores this value, overriding it with theModelAdmin.list_editable
attribute. The easiest solution is to omit theMeta.model
attribute, sinceModelAdmin
will provide the correct model to use.
-
ModelAdmin.
get_changelist_formset
(request, **kwargs)¶ Returns a ModelFormSet class for use on the changelist page if
list_editable
is used. To use a custom formset, for example:from django.forms import BaseModelFormSet class MyAdminFormSet(BaseModelFormSet): pass class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): def get_changelist_formset(self, request, **kwargs): kwargs['formset'] = MyAdminFormSet return super().get_changelist_formset(request, **kwargs)
-
ModelAdmin.
lookup_allowed
(lookup, value)¶ The objects in the changelist page can be filtered with lookups from the URL’s query string. This is how
list_filter
works, for example. The lookups are similar to what’s used inQuerySet.filter()
(e.g.user__email=user@example.com
). Since the lookups in the query string can be manipulated by the user, they must be sanitized to prevent unauthorized data exposure.The
lookup_allowed()
method is given a lookup path from the query string (e.g.'user__email'
) and the corresponding value (e.g.'user@example.com'
), and returns a boolean indicating whether filtering the changelist’sQuerySet
using the parameters is permitted. Iflookup_allowed()
returnsFalse
,DisallowedModelAdminLookup
(subclass ofSuspiciousOperation
) is raised.By default,
lookup_allowed()
allows access to a model’s local fields, field paths used inlist_filter
(but not paths fromget_list_filter()
), and lookups required forlimit_choices_to
to function correctly inraw_id_fields
.Override this method to customize the lookups permitted for your
ModelAdmin
subclass.
-
ModelAdmin.
has_view_permission
(request, obj=None)¶ Should return
True
if viewingobj
is permitted,False
otherwise. If obj isNone
, should returnTrue
orFalse
to indicate whether viewing of objects of this type is permitted in general (e.g.,False
will be interpreted as meaning that the current user is not permitted to view any object of this type).The default implementation returns
True
if the user has either the “change” or “view” permission.
-
ModelAdmin.
has_add_permission
(request)¶ Should return
True
if adding an object is permitted,False
otherwise.
-
ModelAdmin.
has_change_permission
(request, obj=None)¶ Should return
True
if editingobj
is permitted,False
otherwise. Ifobj
isNone
, should returnTrue
orFalse
to indicate whether editing of objects of this type is permitted in general (e.g.,False
will be interpreted as meaning that the current user is not permitted to edit any object of this type).
-
ModelAdmin.
has_delete_permission
(request, obj=None)¶ Should return
True
if deletingobj
is permitted,False
otherwise. Ifobj
isNone
, should returnTrue
orFalse
to indicate whether deleting objects of this type is permitted in general (e.g.,False
will be interpreted as meaning that the current user is not permitted to delete any object of this type).
-
ModelAdmin.
has_module_permission
(request)¶ Should return
True
if displaying the module on the admin index page and accessing the module’s index page is permitted,False
otherwise. UsesUser.has_module_perms()
by default. Overriding it does not restrict access to the view, add, change, or delete views,has_view_permission()
,has_add_permission()
,has_change_permission()
, andhas_delete_permission()
should be used for that.
-
ModelAdmin.
get_queryset
(request)¶ The
get_queryset
method on aModelAdmin
returns aQuerySet
of all model instances that can be edited by the admin site. One use case for overriding this method is to show objects owned by the logged-in user:class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): def get_queryset(self, request): qs = super().get_queryset(request) if request.user.is_superuser: return qs return qs.filter(author=request.user)
-
ModelAdmin.
message_user
(request, message, level=messages.INFO, extra_tags='', fail_silently=False)¶ Sends a message to the user using the
django.contrib.messages
backend. See the custom ModelAdmin example.Keyword arguments allow you to change the message level, add extra CSS tags, or fail silently if the
contrib.messages
framework is not installed. These keyword arguments match those fordjango.contrib.messages.add_message()
, see that function’s documentation for more details. One difference is that the level may be passed as a string label in addition to integer/constant.
-
ModelAdmin.
get_paginator
(request, queryset, per_page, orphans=0, allow_empty_first_page=True)¶ Returns an instance of the paginator to use for this view. By default, instantiates an instance of
paginator
.
-
ModelAdmin.
response_add
(request, obj, post_url_continue=None)¶ Determines the
HttpResponse
for theadd_view()
stage.response_add
is called after the admin form is submitted and just after the object and all the related instances have been created and saved. You can override it to change the default behavior after the object has been created.
-
ModelAdmin.
response_change
(request, obj)¶ Determines the
HttpResponse
for thechange_view()
stage.response_change
is called after the admin form is submitted and just after the object and all the related instances have been saved. You can override it to change the default behavior after the object has been changed.
-
ModelAdmin.
response_delete
(request, obj_display, obj_id)¶ Determines the
HttpResponse
for thedelete_view()
stage.response_delete
is called after the object has been deleted. You can override it to change the default behavior after the object has been deleted.obj_display
is a string with the name of the deleted object.obj_id
is the serialized identifier used to retrieve the object to be deleted.
-
ModelAdmin.
get_changeform_initial_data
(request)¶ A hook for the initial data on admin change forms. By default, fields are given initial values from
GET
parameters. For instance,?name=initial_value
will set thename
field’s initial value to beinitial_value
.This method should return a dictionary in the form
{'fieldname': 'fieldval'}
:def get_changeform_initial_data(self, request): return {'name': 'custom_initial_value'}
-
ModelAdmin.
get_deleted_objects
(objs, request)¶ A hook for customizing the deletion process of the
delete_view()
and the “delete selected” action.The
objs
argument is a homogeneous iterable of objects (aQuerySet
or a list of model instances) to be deleted, andrequest
is theHttpRequest
.This method must return a 4-tuple of
(deleted_objects, model_count, perms_needed, protected)
.deleted_objects
is a list of strings representing all the objects that will be deleted. If there are any related objects to be deleted, the list is nested and includes those related objects. The list is formatted in the template using theunordered_list
filter.model_count
is a dictionary mapping each model’sverbose_name_plural
to the number of objects that will be deleted.perms_needed
is a set ofverbose_name
s of the models that the user doesn’t have permission to delete.protected
is a list of strings representing of all the protected related objects that can’t be deleted. The list is displayed in the template.
Other methods¶
-
ModelAdmin.
add_view
(request, form_url='', extra_context=None)¶ Django view for the model instance addition page. See note below.
-
ModelAdmin.
change_view
(request, object_id, form_url='', extra_context=None)¶ Django view for the model instance editing page. See note below.
-
ModelAdmin.
changelist_view
(request, extra_context=None)¶ Django view for the model instances change list/actions page. See note below.
-
ModelAdmin.
delete_view
(request, object_id, extra_context=None)¶ Django view for the model instance(s) deletion confirmation page. See note below.
-
ModelAdmin.
history_view
(request, object_id, extra_context=None)¶ Django view for the page that shows the modification history for a given model instance.
Unlike the hook-type ModelAdmin
methods detailed in the previous section,
these five methods are in reality designed to be invoked as Django views from
the admin application URL dispatching handler to render the pages that deal
with model instances CRUD operations. As a result, completely overriding these
methods will significantly change the behavior of the admin application.
One common reason for overriding these methods is to augment the context data that is provided to the template that renders the view. In the following example, the change view is overridden so that the rendered template is provided some extra mapping data that would not otherwise be available:
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
# A template for a very customized change view:
change_form_template = 'admin/myapp/extras/openstreetmap_change_form.html'
def get_osm_info(self):
# ...
pass
def change_view(self, request, object_id, form_url='', extra_context=None):
extra_context = extra_context or {}
extra_context['osm_data'] = self.get_osm_info()
return super().change_view(
request, object_id, form_url, extra_context=extra_context,
)
These views return TemplateResponse
instances which allow you to easily customize the response data before
rendering. For more details, see the TemplateResponse documentation.
ModelAdmin
asset definitions¶
There are times where you would like add a bit of CSS and/or JavaScript to
the add/change views. This can be accomplished by using a Media
inner class
on your ModelAdmin
:
class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
class Media:
css = {
"all": ("my_styles.css",)
}
js = ("my_code.js",)
The staticfiles app prepends
STATIC_URL
(or MEDIA_URL
if STATIC_URL
is
None
) to any asset paths. The same rules apply as regular asset
definitions on forms.
jQuery¶
Django admin JavaScript makes use of the jQuery library.
To avoid conflicts with user-supplied scripts or libraries, Django’s jQuery
(version 3.4.1) is namespaced as django.jQuery
. If you want to use jQuery
in your own admin JavaScript without including a second copy, you can use the
django.jQuery
object on changelist and add/edit views.
jQuery was upgraded from 3.3.1 to 3.4.1.
jQuery was upgraded from 3.4.1 to 3.5.1.
The ModelAdmin
class requires jQuery by default, so there is no need
to add jQuery to your ModelAdmin
’s list of media resources unless you have
a specific need. For example, if you require the jQuery library to be in the
global namespace (for example when using third-party jQuery plugins) or if you
need a newer version of jQuery, you will have to include your own copy.
Django provides both uncompressed and ‘minified’ versions of jQuery, as
jquery.js
and jquery.min.js
respectively.
ModelAdmin
and InlineModelAdmin
have a media
property
that returns a list of Media
objects which store paths to the JavaScript
files for the forms and/or formsets. If DEBUG
is True
it will
return the uncompressed versions of the various JavaScript files, including
jquery.js
; if not, it will return the ‘minified’ versions.
Adding custom validation to the admin¶
You can also add custom validation of data in the admin. The automatic admin
interface reuses django.forms
, and the ModelAdmin
class gives you
the ability define your own form:
class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
form = MyArticleAdminForm
MyArticleAdminForm
can be defined anywhere as long as you import where
needed. Now within your form you can add your own custom validation for
any field:
class MyArticleAdminForm(forms.ModelForm):
def clean_name(self):
# do something that validates your data
return self.cleaned_data["name"]
It is important you use a ModelForm
here otherwise things can break. See
the forms documentation on custom validation and, more specifically, the
model form validation notes for more
information.
InlineModelAdmin
objects¶
-
class
InlineModelAdmin
¶
-
class
TabularInline
¶
-
class
StackedInline
¶ The admin interface has the ability to edit models on the same page as a parent model. These are called inlines. Suppose you have these two models:
from django.db import models class Author(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100) class Book(models.Model): author = models.ForeignKey(Author, on_delete=models.CASCADE) title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
You can edit the books authored by an author on the author page. You add inlines to a model by specifying them in a
ModelAdmin.inlines
:from django.contrib import admin class BookInline(admin.TabularInline): model = Book class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): inlines = [ BookInline, ]
Django provides two subclasses of
InlineModelAdmin
and they are:The difference between these two is merely the template used to render them.
InlineModelAdmin
options¶
InlineModelAdmin
shares many of the same features as ModelAdmin
, and
adds some of its own (the shared features are actually defined in the
BaseModelAdmin
superclass). The shared features are:
form
fieldsets
fields
formfield_overrides
exclude
filter_horizontal
filter_vertical
ordering
prepopulated_fields
get_fieldsets()
get_queryset()
radio_fields
readonly_fields
raw_id_fields
formfield_for_choice_field()
formfield_for_foreignkey()
formfield_for_manytomany()
has_module_permission()
The InlineModelAdmin
class adds or customizes:
-
InlineModelAdmin.
model
¶ The model which the inline is using. This is required.
-
InlineModelAdmin.
fk_name
¶ The name of the foreign key on the model. In most cases this will be dealt with automatically, but
fk_name
must be specified explicitly if there are more than one foreign key to the same parent model.
-
InlineModelAdmin.
formset
¶ This defaults to
BaseInlineFormSet
. Using your own formset can give you many possibilities of customization. Inlines are built around model formsets.
-
InlineModelAdmin.
form
¶ The value for
form
defaults toModelForm
. This is what is passed through toinlineformset_factory()
when creating the formset for this inline.
Warning
When writing custom validation for InlineModelAdmin
forms, be cautious
of writing validation that relies on features of the parent model. If the
parent model fails to validate, it may be left in an inconsistent state as
described in the warning in Validation on a ModelForm.
-
InlineModelAdmin.
classes
¶ A list or tuple containing extra CSS classes to apply to the fieldset that is rendered for the inlines. Defaults to
None
. As with classes configured infieldsets
, inlines with acollapse
class will be initially collapsed and their header will have a small “show” link.
-
InlineModelAdmin.
extra
¶ This controls the number of extra forms the formset will display in addition to the initial forms. Defaults to 3. See the formsets documentation for more information.
For users with JavaScript-enabled browsers, an “Add another” link is provided to enable any number of additional inlines to be added in addition to those provided as a result of the
extra
argument.The dynamic link will not appear if the number of currently displayed forms exceeds
max_num
, or if the user does not have JavaScript enabled.InlineModelAdmin.get_extra()
also allows you to customize the number of extra forms.
-
InlineModelAdmin.
max_num
¶ This controls the maximum number of forms to show in the inline. This doesn’t directly correlate to the number of objects, but can if the value is small enough. See Limiting the number of editable objects for more information.
InlineModelAdmin.get_max_num()
also allows you to customize the maximum number of extra forms.
-
InlineModelAdmin.
min_num
¶ This controls the minimum number of forms to show in the inline. See
modelformset_factory()
for more information.InlineModelAdmin.get_min_num()
also allows you to customize the minimum number of displayed forms.
-
InlineModelAdmin.
raw_id_fields
¶ By default, Django’s admin uses a select-box interface (<select>) for fields that are
ForeignKey
. Sometimes you don’t want to incur the overhead of having to select all the related instances to display in the drop-down.raw_id_fields
is a list of fields you would like to change into anInput
widget for either aForeignKey
orManyToManyField
:class BookInline(admin.TabularInline): model = Book raw_id_fields = ("pages",)
-
InlineModelAdmin.
template
¶ The template used to render the inline on the page.
-
InlineModelAdmin.
verbose_name
¶ An override to the
verbose_name
found in the model’s innerMeta
class.
-
InlineModelAdmin.
verbose_name_plural
¶ An override to the
verbose_name_plural
found in the model’s innerMeta
class.
-
InlineModelAdmin.
can_delete
¶ Specifies whether or not inline objects can be deleted in the inline. Defaults to
True
.
-
InlineModelAdmin.
show_change_link
¶ Specifies whether or not inline objects that can be changed in the admin have a link to the change form. Defaults to
False
.
-
InlineModelAdmin.
get_formset
(request, obj=None, **kwargs)¶ Returns a
BaseInlineFormSet
class for use in admin add/change views.obj
is the parent object being edited orNone
when adding a new parent. See the example forModelAdmin.get_formsets_with_inlines
.
-
InlineModelAdmin.
get_extra
(request, obj=None, **kwargs)¶ Returns the number of extra inline forms to use. By default, returns the
InlineModelAdmin.extra
attribute.Override this method to programmatically determine the number of extra inline forms. For example, this may be based on the model instance (passed as the keyword argument
obj
):class BinaryTreeAdmin(admin.TabularInline): model = BinaryTree def get_extra(self, request, obj=None, **kwargs): extra = 2 if obj: return extra - obj.binarytree_set.count() return extra
-
InlineModelAdmin.
get_max_num
(request, obj=None, **kwargs)¶ Returns the maximum number of extra inline forms to use. By default, returns the
InlineModelAdmin.max_num
attribute.Override this method to programmatically determine the maximum number of inline forms. For example, this may be based on the model instance (passed as the keyword argument
obj
):class BinaryTreeAdmin(admin.TabularInline): model = BinaryTree def get_max_num(self, request, obj=None, **kwargs): max_num = 10 if obj and obj.parent: return max_num - 5 return max_num
-
InlineModelAdmin.
get_min_num
(request, obj=None, **kwargs)¶ Returns the minimum number of inline forms to use. By default, returns the
InlineModelAdmin.min_num
attribute.Override this method to programmatically determine the minimum number of inline forms. For example, this may be based on the model instance (passed as the keyword argument
obj
).
-
InlineModelAdmin.
has_add_permission
(request, obj)¶ Should return
True
if adding an inline object is permitted,False
otherwise.obj
is the parent object being edited orNone
when adding a new parent.
-
InlineModelAdmin.
has_change_permission
(request, obj=None)¶ Should return
True
if editing an inline object is permitted,False
otherwise.obj
is the parent object being edited.
-
InlineModelAdmin.
has_delete_permission
(request, obj=None)¶ Should return
True
if deleting an inline object is permitted,False
otherwise.obj
is the parent object being edited.
Note
The obj
argument passed to InlineModelAdmin
methods is the parent
object being edited or None
when adding a new parent.
Working with a model with two or more foreign keys to the same parent model¶
It is sometimes possible to have more than one foreign key to the same model. Take this model for instance:
from django.db import models
class Friendship(models.Model):
to_person = models.ForeignKey(Person, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="friends")
from_person = models.ForeignKey(Person, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="from_friends")
If you wanted to display an inline on the Person
admin add/change pages
you need to explicitly define the foreign key since it is unable to do so
automatically:
from django.contrib import admin
from myapp.models import Friendship
class FriendshipInline(admin.TabularInline):
model = Friendship
fk_name = "to_person"
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
inlines = [
FriendshipInline,
]
Working with many-to-many models¶
By default, admin widgets for many-to-many relations will be displayed
on whichever model contains the actual reference to the
ManyToManyField
. Depending on your ModelAdmin
definition, each many-to-many field in your model will be represented by a
standard HTML <select multiple>
, a horizontal or vertical filter, or a
raw_id_admin
widget. However, it is also possible to replace these
widgets with inlines.
Suppose we have the following models:
from django.db import models
class Person(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
class Group(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
members = models.ManyToManyField(Person, related_name='groups')
If you want to display many-to-many relations using an inline, you can do
so by defining an InlineModelAdmin
object for the relationship:
from django.contrib import admin
class MembershipInline(admin.TabularInline):
model = Group.members.through
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
inlines = [
MembershipInline,
]
class GroupAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
inlines = [
MembershipInline,
]
exclude = ('members',)
There are two features worth noting in this example.
Firstly - the MembershipInline
class references Group.members.through
.
The through
attribute is a reference to the model that manages the
many-to-many relation. This model is automatically created by Django when you
define a many-to-many field.
Secondly, the GroupAdmin
must manually exclude the members
field.
Django displays an admin widget for a many-to-many field on the model that
defines the relation (in this case, Group
). If you want to use an inline
model to represent the many-to-many relationship, you must tell Django’s admin
to not display this widget - otherwise you will end up with two widgets on
your admin page for managing the relation.
Note that when using this technique the
m2m_changed
signals aren’t triggered. This
is because as far as the admin is concerned, through
is just a model with
two foreign key fields rather than a many-to-many relation.
In all other respects, the InlineModelAdmin
is exactly the same as any
other. You can customize the appearance using any of the normal
ModelAdmin
properties.
Working with many-to-many intermediary models¶
When you specify an intermediary model using the through
argument to a
ManyToManyField
, the admin will not display a
widget by default. This is because each instance of that intermediary model
requires more information than could be displayed in a single widget, and the
layout required for multiple widgets will vary depending on the intermediate
model.
However, we still want to be able to edit that information inline. Fortunately, we can do this with inline admin models. Suppose we have the following models:
from django.db import models
class Person(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
class Group(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
members = models.ManyToManyField(Person, through='Membership')
class Membership(models.Model):
person = models.ForeignKey(Person, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
group = models.ForeignKey(Group, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
date_joined = models.DateField()
invite_reason = models.CharField(max_length=64)
The first step in displaying this intermediate model in the admin is to
define an inline class for the Membership
model:
class MembershipInline(admin.TabularInline):
model = Membership
extra = 1
This example uses the default InlineModelAdmin
values for the
Membership
model, and limits the extra add forms to one. This could be
customized using any of the options available to InlineModelAdmin
classes.
Now create admin views for the Person
and Group
models:
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
inlines = (MembershipInline,)
class GroupAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
inlines = (MembershipInline,)
Finally, register your Person
and Group
models with the admin site:
admin.site.register(Person, PersonAdmin)
admin.site.register(Group, GroupAdmin)
Now your admin site is set up to edit Membership
objects inline from
either the Person
or the Group
detail pages.
Using generic relations as an inline¶
It is possible to use an inline with generically related objects. Let’s say you have the following models:
from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericForeignKey
from django.db import models
class Image(models.Model):
image = models.ImageField(upload_to="images")
content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField()
content_object = GenericForeignKey("content_type", "object_id")
class Product(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
If you want to allow editing and creating an Image
instance on the
Product
, add/change views you can use
GenericTabularInline
or GenericStackedInline
(both
subclasses of GenericInlineModelAdmin
)
provided by admin
. They implement tabular
and stacked visual layouts for the forms representing the inline objects,
respectively, just like their non-generic counterparts. They behave just like
any other inline. In your admin.py
for this example app:
from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.contenttypes.admin import GenericTabularInline
from myproject.myapp.models import Image, Product
class ImageInline(GenericTabularInline):
model = Image
class ProductAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
inlines = [
ImageInline,
]
admin.site.register(Product, ProductAdmin)
See the contenttypes documentation for more specific information.
Overriding admin templates¶
You can override many of the templates which the admin module uses to generate the various pages of an admin site. You can even override a few of these templates for a specific app, or a specific model.
Set up your projects admin template directories¶
The admin template files are located in the contrib/admin/templates/admin
directory.
In order to override one or more of them, first create an admin
directory
in your project’s templates
directory. This can be any of the directories
you specified in the DIRS
option of the
DjangoTemplates
backend in the TEMPLATES
setting. If you have
customized the 'loaders'
option, be sure
'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader'
appears before
'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader'
so that your custom
templates will be found by the template loading system before those that are
included with django.contrib.admin
.
Within this admin
directory, create sub-directories named after your app.
Within these app subdirectories create sub-directories named after your models.
Note, that the admin app will lowercase the model name when looking for the
directory, so make sure you name the directory in all lowercase if you are
going to run your app on a case-sensitive filesystem.
To override an admin template for a specific app, copy and edit the template
from the django/contrib/admin/templates/admin
directory, and save it to one
of the directories you just created.
For example, if we wanted to add a tool to the change list view for all the
models in an app named my_app
, we would copy
contrib/admin/templates/admin/change_list.html
to the
templates/admin/my_app/
directory of our project, and make any necessary
changes.
If we wanted to add a tool to the change list view for only a specific model
named ‘Page’, we would copy that same file to the
templates/admin/my_app/page
directory of our project.
Overriding vs. replacing an admin template¶
Because of the modular design of the admin templates, it is usually neither necessary nor advisable to replace an entire template. It is almost always better to override only the section of the template which you need to change.
To continue the example above, we want to add a new link next to the
History
tool for the Page
model. After looking at change_form.html
we determine that we only need to override the object-tools-items
block.
Therefore here is our new change_form.html
:
{% extends "admin/change_form.html" %}
{% load i18n admin_urls %}
{% block object-tools-items %}
<li>
<a href="{% url opts|admin_urlname:'history' original.pk|admin_urlquote %}" class="historylink">{% trans "History" %}</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="mylink/" class="historylink">My Link</a>
</li>
{% if has_absolute_url %}
<li>
<a href="{% url 'admin:view_on_site' content_type_id original.pk %}" class="viewsitelink">{% trans "View on site" %}</a>
</li>
{% endif %}
{% endblock %}
And that’s it! If we placed this file in the templates/admin/my_app
directory, our link would appear on the change form for all models within
my_app.
Templates which may be overridden per app or model¶
Not every template in contrib/admin/templates/admin
may be overridden per
app or per model. The following can:
actions.html
app_index.html
change_form.html
change_form_object_tools.html
change_list.html
change_list_object_tools.html
change_list_results.html
date_hierarchy.html
delete_confirmation.html
object_history.html
pagination.html
popup_response.html
prepopulated_fields_js.html
search_form.html
submit_line.html
For those templates that cannot be overridden in this way, you may still
override them for your entire project by placing the new version in your
templates/admin
directory. This is particularly useful to create custom 404
and 500 pages.
Note
Some of the admin templates, such as change_list_results.html
are used
to render custom inclusion tags. These may be overridden, but in such cases
you are probably better off creating your own version of the tag in
question and giving it a different name. That way you can use it
selectively.
Root and login templates¶
If you wish to change the index, login or logout templates, you are better off
creating your own AdminSite
instance (see below), and changing the
AdminSite.index_template
, AdminSite.login_template
or
AdminSite.logout_template
properties.
AdminSite
objects¶
-
class
AdminSite
(name='admin')¶ A Django administrative site is represented by an instance of
django.contrib.admin.sites.AdminSite
; by default, an instance of this class is created asdjango.contrib.admin.site
and you can register your models andModelAdmin
instances with it.If you want to customize the default admin site, you can override it.
When constructing an instance of an
AdminSite
, you can provide a unique instance name using thename
argument to the constructor. This instance name is used to identify the instance, especially when reversing admin URLs. If no instance name is provided, a default instance name ofadmin
will be used. See Customizing the AdminSite class for an example of customizing theAdminSite
class.
AdminSite
attributes¶
Templates can override or extend base admin templates as described in Overriding admin templates.
-
AdminSite.
site_header
¶ The text to put at the top of each admin page, as an
<h1>
(a string). By default, this is “Django administration”.
-
AdminSite.
site_title
¶ The text to put at the end of each admin page’s
<title>
(a string). By default, this is “Django site admin”.
-
AdminSite.
site_url
¶ The URL for the “View site” link at the top of each admin page. By default,
site_url
is/
. Set it toNone
to remove the link.For sites running on a subpath, the
each_context()
method checks if the current request hasrequest.META['SCRIPT_NAME']
set and uses that value ifsite_url
isn’t set to something other than/
.
-
AdminSite.
index_title
¶ The text to put at the top of the admin index page (a string). By default, this is “Site administration”.
-
AdminSite.
index_template
¶ Path to a custom template that will be used by the admin site main index view.
-
AdminSite.
app_index_template
¶ Path to a custom template that will be used by the admin site app index view.
-
AdminSite.
empty_value_display
¶ The string to use for displaying empty values in the admin site’s change list. Defaults to a dash. The value can also be overridden on a per
ModelAdmin
basis and on a custom field within aModelAdmin
by setting anempty_value_display
attribute on the field. SeeModelAdmin.empty_value_display
for examples.
-
AdminSite.
login_template
¶ Path to a custom template that will be used by the admin site login view.
-
AdminSite.
login_form
¶ Subclass of
AuthenticationForm
that will be used by the admin site login view.
-
AdminSite.
logout_template
¶ Path to a custom template that will be used by the admin site logout view.
-
AdminSite.
password_change_template
¶ Path to a custom template that will be used by the admin site password change view.
-
AdminSite.
password_change_done_template
¶ Path to a custom template that will be used by the admin site password change done view.
AdminSite
methods¶
-
AdminSite.
each_context
(request)¶ Returns a dictionary of variables to put in the template context for every page in the admin site.
Includes the following variables and values by default:
site_header
:AdminSite.site_header
site_title
:AdminSite.site_title
site_url
:AdminSite.site_url
has_permission
:AdminSite.has_permission()
available_apps
: a list of applications from the application registry available for the current user. Each entry in the list is a dict representing an application with the following keys:app_label
: the application labelapp_url
: the URL of the application index in the adminhas_module_perms
: a boolean indicating if displaying and accessing of the module’s index page is permitted for the current usermodels
: a list of the models available in the application
Each model is a dict with the following keys:
object_name
: class name of the modelname
: plural name of the modelperms
: adict
trackingadd
,change
,delete
, andview
permissionsadmin_url
: admin changelist URL for the modeladd_url
: admin URL to add a new model instance
-
AdminSite.
has_permission
(request)¶ Returns
True
if the user for the givenHttpRequest
has permission to view at least one page in the admin site. Defaults to requiring bothUser.is_active
andUser.is_staff
to beTrue
.
-
AdminSite.
register
(model_or_iterable, admin_class=None, **options)¶ Registers the given model class (or iterable of classes) with the given
admin_class
.admin_class
defaults toModelAdmin
(the default admin options). If keyword arguments are given – e.g.list_display
– they’ll be applied as options to the admin class.Raises
ImproperlyConfigured
if a model is abstract. anddjango.contrib.admin.sites.AlreadyRegistered
if a model is already registered.
Hooking AdminSite
instances into your URLconf¶
The last step in setting up the Django admin is to hook your AdminSite
instance into your URLconf. Do this by pointing a given URL at the
AdminSite.urls
method. It is not necessary to use
include()
.
In this example, we register the default AdminSite
instance
django.contrib.admin.site
at the URL /admin/
# urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]
Customizing the AdminSite
class¶
If you’d like to set up your own admin site with custom behavior, you’re free
to subclass AdminSite
and override or add anything you like. Then, create
an instance of your AdminSite
subclass (the same way you’d instantiate any
other Python class) and register your models and ModelAdmin
subclasses with
it instead of with the default site. Finally, update myproject/urls.py
to reference your AdminSite
subclass.
from django.contrib.admin import AdminSite
from .models import MyModel
class MyAdminSite(AdminSite):
site_header = 'Monty Python administration'
admin_site = MyAdminSite(name='myadmin')
admin_site.register(MyModel)
from django.urls import path
from myapp.admin import admin_site
urlpatterns = [
path('myadmin/', admin_site.urls),
]
Note that you may not want autodiscovery of admin
modules when using your
own AdminSite
instance since you will likely be importing all the per-app
admin
modules in your myproject.admin
module. This means you need to
put 'django.contrib.admin.apps.SimpleAdminConfig'
instead of
'django.contrib.admin'
in your INSTALLED_APPS
setting.
Overriding the default admin site¶
You can override the default django.contrib.admin.site
by setting the
default_site
attribute of a custom AppConfig
to the dotted import path of either a AdminSite
subclass or a callable that
returns a site instance.
from django.contrib import admin
class MyAdminSite(admin.AdminSite):
...
from django.contrib.admin.apps import AdminConfig
class MyAdminConfig(AdminConfig):
default_site = 'myproject.admin.MyAdminSite'
INSTALLED_APPS = [
...
'myproject.apps.MyAdminConfig', # replaces 'django.contrib.admin'
...
]
Multiple admin sites in the same URLconf¶
You can create multiple instances of the admin site on the same Django-powered
website. Create multiple instances of AdminSite
and place each one at a
different URL.
In this example, the URLs /basic-admin/
and /advanced-admin/
feature
separate versions of the admin site – using the AdminSite
instances
myproject.admin.basic_site
and myproject.admin.advanced_site
,
respectively:
# urls.py
from django.urls import path
from myproject.admin import advanced_site, basic_site
urlpatterns = [
path('basic-admin/', basic_site.urls),
path('advanced-admin/', advanced_site.urls),
]
AdminSite
instances take a single argument to their constructor, their
name, which can be anything you like. This argument becomes the prefix to the
URL names for the purposes of reversing them. This
is only necessary if you are using more than one AdminSite
.
Adding views to admin sites¶
Just like ModelAdmin
, AdminSite
provides a
get_urls()
method
that can be overridden to define additional views for the site. To add
a new view to your admin site, extend the base
get_urls()
method to include
a pattern for your new view.
Note
Any view you render that uses the admin templates, or extends the base
admin template, should set request.current_app
before rendering the
template. It should be set to either self.name
if your view is on an
AdminSite
or self.admin_site.name
if your view is on a
ModelAdmin
.
Adding a password reset feature¶
You can add a password reset feature to the admin site by adding a few lines to your URLconf. Specifically, add these four patterns:
from django.contrib.auth import views as auth_views
path(
'admin/password_reset/',
auth_views.PasswordResetView.as_view(),
name='admin_password_reset',
),
path(
'admin/password_reset/done/',
auth_views.PasswordResetDoneView.as_view(),
name='password_reset_done',
),
path(
'reset/<uidb64>/<token>/',
auth_views.PasswordResetConfirmView.as_view(),
name='password_reset_confirm',
),
path(
'reset/done/',
auth_views.PasswordResetCompleteView.as_view(),
name='password_reset_complete',
),
(This assumes you’ve added the admin at admin/
and requires that you put
the URLs starting with ^admin/
before the line that includes the admin app
itself).
The presence of the admin_password_reset
named URL will cause a “forgotten
your password?” link to appear on the default admin log-in page under the
password box.
LogEntry
objects¶
-
class
models.
LogEntry
¶ The
LogEntry
class tracks additions, changes, and deletions of objects done through the admin interface.
LogEntry
attributes¶
-
LogEntry.
action_time
¶ The date and time of the action.
-
LogEntry.
user
¶ The user (an
AUTH_USER_MODEL
instance) who performed the action.
-
LogEntry.
content_type
¶ The
ContentType
of the modified object.
-
LogEntry.
object_id
¶ The textual representation of the modified object’s primary key.
-
LogEntry.
object_repr
¶ The object`s
repr()
after the modification.
-
LogEntry.
action_flag
¶ The type of action logged:
ADDITION
,CHANGE
,DELETION
.For example, to get a list of all additions done through the admin:
from django.contrib.admin.models import ADDITION, LogEntry LogEntry.objects.filter(action_flag=ADDITION)
-
LogEntry.
change_message
¶ The detailed description of the modification. In the case of an edit, for example, the message contains a list of the edited fields. The Django admin site formats this content as a JSON structure, so that
get_change_message()
can recompose a message translated in the current user language. Custom code might set this as a plain string though. You are advised to use theget_change_message()
method to retrieve this value instead of accessing it directly.
LogEntry
methods¶
-
LogEntry.
get_edited_object
()¶ A shortcut that returns the referenced object.
-
LogEntry.
get_change_message
()¶ Formats and translates
change_message
into the current user language. Messages created before Django 1.10 will always be displayed in the language in which they were logged.
Reversing admin URLs¶
When an AdminSite
is deployed, the views provided by that site are
accessible using Django’s URL reversing system.
The AdminSite
provides the following named URL patterns:
Page | URL name | Parameters |
---|---|---|
Index | index |
|
Login | login |
|
Logout | logout |
|
Password change | password_change |
|
Password change done | password_change_done |
|
i18n JavaScript | jsi18n |
|
Application index page | app_list |
app_label |
Redirect to object’s page | view_on_site |
content_type_id , object_id |
Each ModelAdmin
instance provides an additional set of named URLs:
Page | URL name | Parameters |
---|---|---|
Changelist | {{ app_label }}_{{ model_name }}_changelist |
|
Add | {{ app_label }}_{{ model_name }}_add |
|
History | {{ app_label }}_{{ model_name }}_history |
object_id |
Delete | {{ app_label }}_{{ model_name }}_delete |
object_id |
Change | {{ app_label }}_{{ model_name }}_change |
object_id |
The UserAdmin
provides a named URL:
Page | URL name | Parameters |
---|---|---|
Password change | auth_user_password_change |
user_id |
These named URLs are registered with the application namespace admin
, and
with an instance namespace corresponding to the name of the Site instance.
So - if you wanted to get a reference to the Change view for a particular
Choice
object (from the polls application) in the default admin, you would
call:
>>> from django.urls import reverse
>>> c = Choice.objects.get(...)
>>> change_url = reverse('admin:polls_choice_change', args=(c.id,))
This will find the first registered instance of the admin application
(whatever the instance name), and resolve to the view for changing
poll.Choice
instances in that instance.
If you want to find a URL in a specific admin instance, provide the name of
that instance as a current_app
hint to the reverse call. For example,
if you specifically wanted the admin view from the admin instance named
custom
, you would need to call:
>>> change_url = reverse('admin:polls_choice_change', args=(c.id,), current_app='custom')
For more details, see the documentation on reversing namespaced URLs.
To allow easier reversing of the admin urls in templates, Django provides an
admin_urlname
filter which takes an action as argument:
{% load admin_urls %}
<a href="{% url opts|admin_urlname:'add' %}">Add user</a>
<a href="{% url opts|admin_urlname:'delete' user.pk %}">Delete this user</a>
The action in the examples above match the last part of the URL names for
ModelAdmin
instances described above. The opts
variable can be any
object which has an app_label
and model_name
attributes and is usually
supplied by the admin views for the current model.
The staff_member_required
decorator¶
-
staff_member_required
(redirect_field_name='next', login_url='admin:login')¶ This decorator is used on the admin views that require authorization. A view decorated with this function will having the following behavior:
- If the user is logged in, is a staff member (
User.is_staff=True
), and is active (User.is_active=True
), execute the view normally. - Otherwise, the request will be redirected to the URL specified by the
login_url
parameter, with the originally requested path in a query string variable specified byredirect_field_name
. For example:/admin/login/?next=/admin/polls/question/3/
.
Example usage:
from django.contrib.admin.views.decorators import staff_member_required @staff_member_required def my_view(request): ...
- If the user is logged in, is a staff member (