Django のインストール方法

このドキュメントを読めば、Django をセットアップして、起動することができます。

Python をインストールする

Being a Python Web framework, Django requires Python. See どのバージョンの Python でどのバージョンの Django が使えますか? for details.

https://www.python.org/download/ または、OS のパッケージマネージャで Python の最新バージョンを入手してください。

Django on Jython

もし Jython (Python のJava プラットフォーム実装) を使っている場合は、いくつか追加のステップを実行する必要があります。詳細は Running Django on Jython を見てください。

Python on Windows

If you are just starting with Django and using Windows, you may find Windows での Django のインストール方法 useful.

Install Apache and mod_wsgi

If you just want to experiment with Django, skip ahead to the next section; Django includes a lightweight web server you can use for testing, so you won’t need to set up Apache until you’re ready to deploy Django in production.

If you want to use Django on a production site, use Apache with mod_wsgi. mod_wsgi can operate in one of two modes: an embedded mode and a daemon mode. In embedded mode, mod_wsgi is similar to mod_perl – it embeds Python within Apache and loads Python code into memory when the server starts. Code stays in memory throughout the life of an Apache process, which leads to significant performance gains over other server arrangements. In daemon mode, mod_wsgi spawns an independent daemon process that handles requests. The daemon process can run as a different user than the Web server, possibly leading to improved security, and the daemon process can be restarted without restarting the entire Apache Web server, possibly making refreshing your codebase more seamless. Consult the mod_wsgi documentation to determine which mode is right for your setup. Make sure you have Apache installed, with the mod_wsgi module activated. Django will work with any version of Apache that supports mod_wsgi.

インストール完了後の mod_wsgi の設定方法に関する情報については、Django を Apache と ``mod_swgi` とともに使うには？ </howto/deployment/wsgi/modwsgi>` を読んでください。

何らかの理由により mod_wsgi が使えなかったとしても、心配はいりません。Django は他にもさまざまな開発オプションをサポートしています。そのうちの一つは uWSGI で、nginx と非常に上手く連携できます。さらに、Django は WSGI の仕様 (PEP 3333) を満たしているので、各種のサーバープラットフォーム上で動作することが保証されています。

Get your database running

If you plan to use Django’s database API functionality, you’ll need to make sure a database server is running. Django supports many different database servers and is officially supported with PostgreSQL, MySQL, Oracle and SQLite.

If you are developing a simple project or something you don’t plan to deploy in a production environment, SQLite is generally the simplest option as it doesn’t require running a separate server. However, SQLite has many differences from other databases, so if you are working on something substantial, it’s recommended to develop with the same database as you plan on using in production.

In addition to the officially supported databases, there are backends provided by 3rd parties that allow you to use other databases with Django.

In addition to a database backend, you’ll need to make sure your Python database bindings are installed.

• If you’re using PostgreSQL, you’ll need the psycopg2 package. Refer to the PostgreSQL notes for further details.
• If you’re using MySQL, you’ll need a DB API driver like mysqlclient. See notes for the MySQL backend for details.
• If you’re using SQLite you might want to read the SQLite backend notes.
• If you’re using Oracle, you’ll need a copy of cx_Oracle, but please read the notes for the Oracle backend for details regarding supported versions of both Oracle and cx_Oracle.
• If you’re using an unofficial 3rd party backend, please consult the documentation provided for any additional requirements.

If you plan to use Django’s manage.py migrate command to automatically create database tables for your models (after first installing Django and creating a project), you’ll need to ensure that Django has permission to create and alter tables in the database you’re using; if you plan to manually create the tables, you can simply grant Django SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE permissions. After creating a database user with these permissions, you’ll specify the details in your project’s settings file, see DATABASES for details.

If you’re using Django’s testing framework to test database queries, Django will need permission to create a test database.

古いバージョンの Django を削除する

If you are upgrading your installation of Django from a previous version, you will need to uninstall the old Django version before installing the new version.

If you installed Django using pip or easy_install previously, installing with pip or easy_install again will automatically take care of the old version, so you don’t need to do it yourself.

If you previously installed Django using python setup.py install, uninstalling is as simple as deleting the django directory from your Python site-packages. To find the directory you need to remove, you can run the following at your shell prompt (not the interactive Python prompt):

$ python -c "import django; print(django.__path__)"

Install the Django code

Installation instructions are slightly different depending on whether you’re installing a distribution-specific package, downloading the latest official release, or fetching the latest development version.

It’s easy, no matter which way you choose.

Installing an official release with pip

This is the recommended way to install Django.

1. Install pip. The easiest is to use the standalone pip installer. If your distribution already has pip installed, you might need to update it if it’s outdated. If it’s outdated, you’ll know because installation won’t work.
2. Take a look at virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper. These tools provide isolated Python environments, which are more practical than installing packages systemwide. They also allow installing packages without administrator privileges. The contributing tutorial walks through how to create a virtualenv on Python 3.
3. After you’ve created and activated a virtual environment, enter the command pip install Django at the shell prompt.

Installing a distribution-specific package

Check the distribution specific notes to see if your platform/distribution provides official Django packages/installers. Distribution-provided packages will typically allow for automatic installation of dependencies and easy upgrade paths; however, these packages will rarely contain the latest release of Django.

Installing the development version

Tracking Django development

If you decide to use the latest development version of Django, you’ll want to pay close attention to the development timeline, and you’ll want to keep an eye on the release notes for the upcoming release. This will help you stay on top of any new features you might want to use, as well as any changes you’ll need to make to your code when updating your copy of Django. (For stable releases, any necessary changes are documented in the release notes.)

If you’d like to be able to update your Django code occasionally with the latest bug fixes and improvements, follow these instructions:

1. Make sure that you have Git installed and that you can run its commands from a shell. (Enter git help at a shell prompt to test this.)

2. Check out Django’s main development branch like so:

   $ git clone git://github.com/django/django.git
   

   This will create a directory django in your current directory.

3. Make sure that the Python interpreter can load Django’s code. The most convenient way to do this is to use virtualenv, virtualenvwrapper, and pip. The contributing tutorial walks through how to create a virtualenv on Python 3.

4. After setting up and activating the virtualenv, run the following command:

   $ pip install -e django/
   

   This will make Django’s code importable, and will also make the django-admin utility command available. In other words, you’re all set!

When you want to update your copy of the Django source code, just run the command git pull from within the django directory. When you do this, Git will automatically download any changes.