django-admin dan manage.py

django-admin adalah kegunaan baris-perintah Django utnuk tugas-tugas administratif. Dokumen ini ringkasa semua itu dapat lakukan.

In addition, manage.py is automatically created in each Django project. It does the same thing as django-admin but also sets the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable so that it points to your project's settings.py file.

The django-admin script should be on your system path if you installed Django via pip. If it's not in your path, ensure you have your virtual environment activated.

Umumnya, ketika bekerja pada proyek Django tunggal, itu lebih mudah menggunakan manage.py daripada django-admin. Jika anda butuh mengganti diantara banyak berkas-berkas pengaturan Django, gunakan django-admin dengan pilihan baris perintah DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE atau --settings.

Contoh-contoh baris-perintah sepanjang dokumen ini menggunakan django-admin untuk menjadi konsisten, tetapi contoh apapun dapat menggunakan manage.py atau python -m django juga.

Penggunaan

Linux/macOS

$ django-admin <command> [options]
$ manage.py <command> [options]
$ python -m django <command> [options]

Windows

...\> django-admin <command> [options]
...\> manage.py <command> [options]
...\> py -m django <command> [options]

command harys berupa satu dari perintah terdaftar dalam dokumen ini. options, yaitu pilihan, harus berupa nol atau lebih dari pilihan tersedia untuk perintah yang diberikan.

Mendapatkan bantuan dijalankan

django-admin help

Menjalankan django-admin help untuk menampilkan informasi penggunaan dan daftar dari perintah disediakan oleh setiap aplikasi.

Jalankan django-admin help --commands untuk menampilkan daftar dari perintah tersedia.

Menjalankan django-admin help <command> untuk menampilkan gambaran dari perintah yang diberikan dan daftar dari pilihan yang tersedia.

Nama aplikasi

Banyak perintah mengambil daftar dari "app names." Sebuah "app name" adalah nama dasar dari paket mengandung model-model anda. Sebagai contoh, jika INSTALLED_APPS anda mengandung string 'mysite.blog', nama aplikasi adalah blog.

Menentukan versi

django-admin version

Jalankan django-admin version untuk menjalankan versi Django saat ini.

The output follows the schema described in PEP 440:

1.4.dev17026
1.4a1
1.4

Menampilkan keluaran mencari kesalahan

Use --verbosity, where it is supported, to specify the amount of notification and debug information that django-admin prints to the console.

Perintah tersedia

check

django-admin check [app_label [app_label ...]]

Menggunakan system check framework untuk memeriksa keseluruhan proyek Django untuk masalah-masalah umum.

By default, all apps will be checked. You can check a subset of apps by providing a list of app labels as arguments:

django-admin check auth admin myapp

--tag TAGS, -t TAGS

The system check framework performs many different types of checks that are categorized with tags. You can use these tags to restrict the checks performed to just those in a particular category. For example, to perform only models and compatibility checks, run:

django-admin check --tag models --tag compatibility

--database DATABASE

Specifies the database to run checks requiring database access:

django-admin check --database default --database other

By default, these checks will not be run.

--list-tags

Daftarkan semua etiket tersedia.

--deploy

Mengaktifkan beberapa pemeriksaan tambahan yang hanya bersangkutan dalam pengaturan pengembangan.

You can use this option in your local development environment, but since your local development settings module may not have many of your production settings, you will probably want to point the check command at a different settings module, either by setting the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable, or by passing the --settings option:

django-admin check --deploy --settings=production_settings

Atau anda dapat menjalankan itu langsung pada produksi atau tahap pengembangan untuk memeriksa bahwa pengaturan benar adalah digunakan (menghilangkan --settings). Anda bahkan dapat membuat itu bagian dari deretan percobaan kesatuan anda.

--fail-level {CRITICAL,ERROR,WARNING,INFO,DEBUG}

Menentukan tingkat pesan yang akan menyebabkan perintah keluar dengan keadaan bukan-nol. Awalan adalah ERROR.

compilemessages

django-admin compilemessages

Menyusun berkas-berkas .po dibuat oleh makemessages untuk berkas-berkas .mo untuk digunakan dengan dukungan gettext siap-pakai. Lihat Internasionalisasi dan lokalisasi.

--locale LOCALE, -l LOCALE

Menentukan lokal-loka untuk diolah. Jika tidak disediakan, semua lokal-lokal adalah terolah.

--exclude EXCLUDE, -x EXCLUDE

Menentukan lokal untuk tidak menyertakan dari pengolahan. jika tidak disediakan, tidak ada lokal tidak disertakan.

--use-fuzzy, -f

Includes fuzzy translations into compiled files.

Contoh penggunaan:

django-admin compilemessages --locale=pt_BR
django-admin compilemessages --locale=pt_BR --locale=fr -f
django-admin compilemessages -l pt_BR
django-admin compilemessages -l pt_BR -l fr --use-fuzzy
django-admin compilemessages --exclude=pt_BR
django-admin compilemessages --exclude=pt_BR --exclude=fr
django-admin compilemessages -x pt_BR
django-admin compilemessages -x pt_BR -x fr

--ignore PATTERN, -i PATTERN

Ignores directories matching the given glob-style pattern. Use multiple times to ignore more.

Contoh penggunaan:

django-admin compilemessages --ignore=cache --ignore=outdated/*/locale

createcachetable

django-admin createcachetable

Membuat tabel-tabel penyimpanan sementara untuk digunakan dengan backend penyimpanan sementara basisdata menggunakan informasi dari berkas pengaturan anda. Lihat Kerangka kerja penyimpanan Django untuk informasi lebih.

--database DATABASE

Menentukan basisdata dimana tabel-tabel penyimpanan sementara akan dibuat. Awalan pada default.

--dry-run

Mencetak SQL yang akan dijalankan tanpa sebenarnya menjalankan itu, sehingga anda dapat menyesuaikan itu atau menggunakan kerangka kerja perpindahan.

dbshell

django-admin dbshell

Jalankan baris-perintah klien untuk mesin basisdata ditentukan dalam pengaturan ENGINE anda, dengan parameter penghubung USER, PASSWORD, dll., dilakukan dalam pengaturan anda.

• Untuk PostgreSQL, ini menjalankan klien baris-perintah psql.
• Untuk MySQL, ini menjalankan klien baris-perintah mysql.
• Untuk SQLite, ini menjalankan klien baris-perintah sqlite3.
• Untuk Oracle, ini menjalankan klien baris-perintah sqlplus.

This command assumes the programs are on your PATH so that a call to the program name (psql, mysql, sqlite3, sqlplus) will find the program in the right place. There's no way to specify the location of the program manually.

--database DATABASE

Menentukan basisdalam kedalam dimana membuka sebuah cangkang. Awalan pada default.

-- ARGUMENTS

Any arguments following a -- divider will be passed on to the underlying command-line client. For example, with PostgreSQL you can use the psql command's -c flag to execute a raw SQL query directly:

Linux/macOS

$ django-admin dbshell -- -c 'select current_user'
 current_user
--------------
 postgres
(1 row)

Windows

...\> django-admin dbshell -- -c 'select current_user'
 current_user
--------------
 postgres
(1 row)

On MySQL/MariaDB, you can do this with the mysql command's -e flag:

Linux/macOS

$ django-admin dbshell -- -e "select user()"
+----------------------+
| user()               |
+----------------------+
| djangonaut@localhost |
+----------------------+

Windows

...\> django-admin dbshell -- -e "select user()"
+----------------------+
| user()               |
+----------------------+
| djangonaut@localhost |
+----------------------+

Catatan

Be aware that not all options set in the OPTIONS part of your database configuration in DATABASES are passed to the command-line client, e.g. 'isolation_level'.

diffsettings

django-admin diffsettings

Menampilkan perbedaan diantara berkas pengaturan saat ini dan pengaturan awalan Django (atau berkas pengaturan lain ditentukan oleh --default).

Pengaturan yang tidak muncul dalam awalan diikuti oleh "###". Sebagai contoh, pengaturan awalan tidak menentukan ROOT_URLCONF, jadi ROOT_URLCONF diikuti oleh "###" dalam keluaran dari diffsettings.

--all

Menampilkan semua pengaturan, bahkan jika mereka memiliki nilai awalan Django. Pengaturan seperti itu diawali oleh "###".

--default MODULE

Modul pengaturan untuk membandingkan terhadap pengaturan saat ini. Biarkan kosong untuk membandingkan terhadap pengaturan awalan Django.

--output {hash,unified}

Menentukan bentuk keluaran. Nilai-nilai tersedia adalah hash dan unified. hash adalah suasana awalan yang menampilkan keluaran yang digambarkan diatas. unified menampilkan keluaran mirip pada diff -u. Pengaturan awalan diawali dengan tanda kurang, diikuti dengan merubah pengaturan diawali dengan sebuah tanda tambah.

dumpdata

django-admin dumpdata [app_label[.ModelName] [app_label[.ModelName] ...]]

Keluaran pada standar pengeluaran semua data dalam basisdata terkait dengan aplikasi bernama.

Jika tidak ada nama aplikasi disediakan, semua aplikasi terpasang akan dibuang.

Keluaran dari dumpdata dapat digunakan sebagai masukan untuk loaddata.

When result of dumpdata is saved as a file, it can serve as a fixture for tests or as an initial data.

Note that dumpdata uses the default manager on the model for selecting the records to dump. If you're using a custom manager as the default manager and it filters some of the available records, not all of the objects will be dumped.

--all, -a

Menggunakan pengelola dasar Django, membuang rekaman yang mungkin sebaliknya disaring atau dirubah oleh pengelola penyesuaian.

--format FORMAT

Menentukan bentuk serialisasi dari keluaran. Awalan pada JSON. Bentuk-bentuk didukung didaftarkan dalam Bentuk-bentuk serialisasi.

--indent INDENT

Menentukan angka dari lekukan ruang untuk digunakan dalam keluaran. Awalan pada None yang menampilkan semua data dalam baris tunggal.

--exclude EXCLUDE, -e EXCLUDE

Prevents specific applications or models (specified in the form of app_label.ModelName) from being dumped. If you specify a model name, then only that model will be excluded, rather than the entire application. You can also mix application names and model names.

If you want to exclude multiple applications, pass --exclude more than once:

django-admin dumpdata --exclude=auth --exclude=contenttypes

--database DATABASE

Menentukan basisdata dari data mana akan dibuang. Awalan pada default.

--natural-foreign

Uses the natural_key() model method to serialize any foreign key and many-to-many relationship to objects of the type that defines the method. If you're dumping contrib.auth Permission objects or contrib.contenttypes ContentType objects, you should probably use this flag. See the natural keys documentation for more details on this and the next option.

--natural-primary

Menghilangkan primary key dalam penserialan data dari obyek ini sejak itu dapat dihitung selama pendeserialisasi.

--pks PRIMARY_KEYS

Outputs only the objects specified by a comma separated list of primary keys. This is only available when dumping one model. By default, all the records of the model are output.

--output OUTPUT, -o OUTPUT

Menentukan sebuah berkas untuk menulis data terserialisasi. Secara awalan, data pergi ke keluaran standar.

Ketika pilihan ini disetel dan --verbosity lebih besar dari 0 (awalan), sebuah batang kemajuan ditampilkan dalam terminal.

Fixtures compression

The output file can be compressed with one of the bz2, gz, lzma, or xz formats by ending the filename with the corresponding extension. For example, to output the data as a compressed JSON file:

django-admin dumpdata -o mydata.json.gz

flush

django-admin flush

Removes all data from the database and re-executes any post-synchronization handlers. The table of which migrations have been applied is not cleared.

If you would rather start from an empty database and rerun all migrations, you should drop and recreate the database and then run migrate instead.

--noinput, --no-input

Menekan semua permintaan pengguna.

--database DATABASE

Menentukan basisdata untuk dialirkan. Awalan pada default.

inspectdb

django-admin inspectdb [table [table ...]]

Introspects the database tables in the database pointed-to by the NAME setting and outputs a Django model module (a models.py file) to standard output.

You may choose what tables or views to inspect by passing their names as arguments. If no arguments are provided, models are created for views only if the --include-views option is used. Models for partition tables are created on PostgreSQL if the --include-partitions option is used.

Gunakan ini jika anda mempunyai sebuah basisdata warisan dengan dimana anda akan menggunakan Django. Tulisan akan will memeriksa basisdata dan membuat sebuah model untuk setiap tabel dalam itu.

As you might expect, the created models will have an attribute for every field in the table. Note that inspectdb has a few special cases in its field-name output:

• If inspectdb cannot map a column's type to a model field type, it'll use TextField and will insert the Python comment 'This field type is a guess.' next to the field in the generated model. The recognized fields may depend on apps listed in INSTALLED_APPS. For example, django.contrib.postgres adds recognition for several PostgreSQL-specific field types.
• If the database column name is a Python reserved word (such as 'pass', 'class' or 'for'), inspectdb will append '_field' to the attribute name. For example, if a table has a column 'for', the generated model will have a field 'for_field', with the db_column attribute set to 'for'. inspectdb will insert the Python comment 'Field renamed because it was a Python reserved word.' next to the field.

This feature is meant as a shortcut, not as definitive model generation. After you run it, you'll want to look over the generated models yourself to make customizations. In particular, you'll need to rearrange models' order, so that models that refer to other models are ordered properly.

Django doesn't create database defaults when a default is specified on a model field. Similarly, database defaults aren't translated to model field defaults or detected in any fashion by inspectdb.

By default, inspectdb creates unmanaged models. That is, managed = False in the model's Meta class tells Django not to manage each table's creation, modification, and deletion. If you do want to allow Django to manage the table's lifecycle, you'll need to change the managed option to True (or remove it because True is its default value).

Catatan khusus-basisdata

Oracle

• Model-model dibuat untuk mewujudkan tampilan jika --include-views digunakan.

PostgreSQL

• Model-model dibuat untuk tabel-tabel asing.
• Model-model dibuat untuk mewujudkan tampilan jika --include-views digunakan.
• Model dibuat untuk penyekatan tabel jika --include-partitions digunakan.

--database DATABASE

Menentukan basisdata untuk mawas diri. Awalan pada default.

--include-partitions

Jika pilihan ini disediakan, model juga dibuat untuk penyekatan.

Hanya mendukung untuk PostgreSQL dijalankan.

--include-views

Jika pilihan ini disediakan, model juga dibuat untuk tampilan basisdata.

loaddata

django-admin loaddata fixture [fixture ...]

Searches for and loads the contents of the named fixture into the database.

--database DATABASE

Menentukan basisdata dimana data akan dimuat. Awalan pada default.

--ignorenonexistent, -i

Ignores fields and models that may have been removed since the fixture was originally generated.

--app APP_LABEL

Specifies a single app to look for fixtures in rather than looking in all apps.

--format FORMAT

Menentukan serialization format (misalnya, json atau xml) untuk fixture read from stdin.

--exclude EXCLUDE, -e EXCLUDE

Excludes loading the fixtures from the given applications and/or models (in the form of app_label or app_label.ModelName). Use the option multiple times to exclude more than one app or model.

memuat fixture dari stdin

You can use a dash as the fixture name to load input from sys.stdin. For example:

django-admin loaddata --format=json -

When reading from stdin, the --format option is required to specify the serialization format of the input (e.g., json or xml).

Loading from stdin is useful with standard input and output redirections. For example:

django-admin dumpdata --format=json --database=test app_label.ModelName | django-admin loaddata --format=json --database=prod -

Perintah dumpdata dapat digunakan untuk membangkitkan masukan untuk loaddata.

Lihat juga

For more detail about fixtures see the Perlengkapan topic.

makemessages

django-admin makemessages

Runs over the entire source tree of the current directory and pulls out all strings marked for translation. It creates (or updates) a message file in the conf/locale (in the Django tree) or locale (for project and application) directory. After making changes to the messages files you need to compile them with compilemessages for use with the builtin gettext support. See the i18n documentation for details.

This command doesn't require configured settings. However, when settings aren't configured, the command can't ignore the MEDIA_ROOT and STATIC_ROOT directories or include LOCALE_PATHS.

--all, -a

Perbaharui berkas pesan untuk semua bahasa tersedia.

--extension EXTENSIONS, -e EXTENSIONS

Specifies a list of file extensions to examine (default: html, txt, py or js if --domain is djangojs).

Contoh penggunaan:

django-admin makemessages --locale=de --extension xhtml

Separate multiple extensions with commas or use -e or --extension multiple times:

django-admin makemessages --locale=de --extension=html,txt --extension xml

--locale LOCALE, -l LOCALE

Menentukan lokal untuk diolah.

--exclude EXCLUDE, -x EXCLUDE

Menentukan lokal untuk tidak menyertakan dari pengolahan. jika tidak disediakan, tidak ada lokal tidak disertakan.

Contoh penggunaan:

django-admin makemessages --locale=pt_BR
django-admin makemessages --locale=pt_BR --locale=fr
django-admin makemessages -l pt_BR
django-admin makemessages -l pt_BR -l fr
django-admin makemessages --exclude=pt_BR
django-admin makemessages --exclude=pt_BR --exclude=fr
django-admin makemessages -x pt_BR
django-admin makemessages -x pt_BR -x fr

--domain DOMAIN, -d DOMAIN

Menentukan ranah dari berkas pesan. Pilihan didukung adalah:

• Berkas-berkas django for all *.py, *.html and ``*.txt``(awal)
• djangojs untuk berkas-berkas *.js

--symlinks, -s

Follows symlinks to directories when looking for new translation strings.

Contoh penggunaan:

django-admin makemessages --locale=de --symlinks

--ignore PATTERN, -i PATTERN

Ignores files or directories matching the given glob-style pattern. Use multiple times to ignore more.

Pola ini digunakan secara awalan: 'CVS', '.*', '*~', '*.pyc'.

Contoh penggunaan:

django-admin makemessages --locale=en_US --ignore=apps/* --ignore=secret/*.html

--no-default-ignore

Meniadakan nilai awalan dari --ignore.

--no-wrap

Disables breaking long message lines into several lines in language files.

--no-location

Suppresses writing '#: filename:line’ comment lines in language files. Using this option makes it harder for technically skilled translators to understand each message's context.

--add-location [{full,file,never}]

Controls #: filename:line comment lines in language files. If the option is:

• full (the default if not given): the lines include both file name and line number.
• file: nomor baris dihilangkan.
• never: baris-baris ditekan (sama seperti --no-location).

Dibtuhkan gettext 0.19 atau terbaru.

--no-obsolete

Removes obsolete message strings from the .po files.

--keep-pot

Prevents deleting the temporary .pot files generated before creating the .po file. This is useful for debugging errors which may prevent the final language files from being created.

Lihat juga

Lihat Menyesuaikan perintah makemessages untuk petunjuk pada bagaimana menyesuaikan kata kunci yang makemessages lewatkan ke xgettext.

makemigrations

django-admin makemigrations [app_label [app_label ...]]

Creates new migrations based on the changes detected to your models. Migrations, their relationship with apps and more are covered in depth in the migrations documentation.

Providing one or more app names as arguments will limit the migrations created to the app(s) specified and any dependencies needed (the table at the other end of a ForeignKey, for example).

To add migrations to an app that doesn't have a migrations directory, run makemigrations with the app's app_label.

--noinput, --no-input

Suppresses all user prompts. If a suppressed prompt cannot be resolved automatically, the command will exit with error code 3.

--empty

Outputs an empty migration for the specified apps, for manual editing. This is for advanced users and should not be used unless you are familiar with the migration format, migration operations, and the dependencies between your migrations.

--dry-run

Shows what migrations would be made without actually writing any migrations files to disk. Using this option along with --verbosity 3 will also show the complete migrations files that would be written.

--merge

Mengadakan perbaikan dari pertentangan perpindahan.

--name NAME, -n NAME

Allows naming the generated migration(s) instead of using a generated name. The name must be a valid Python identifier.

--no-header

Membangkitkan berkas-berkas perpindahan tanpa versi Django dan kepala timestamp.

--check

Makes makemigrations exit with a non-zero status when model changes without migrations are detected. Implies --dry-run.

Changed in Django 4.2:

In older versions, the missing migrations were also created when using the --check option.

--scriptable

Diverts log output and input prompts to stderr, writing only paths of generated migration files to stdout.

--update

New in Django 4.2.

Merges model changes into the latest migration and optimize the resulting operations.

The updated migration will have a generated name. In order to preserve the previous name, set it using --name.

migrate

django-admin migrate [app_label] [migration_name]

Synchronizes the database state with the current set of models and migrations. Migrations, their relationship with apps and more are covered in depth in the migrations documentation.

Kebiasaan dari perintah ini berubah tergantung pada argumen disediakan:

• Tidak ada argumen: Semua aplikasi mempunyai semua perpindahan mereka berjalan.
• <app_label>: The specified app has its migrations run, up to the most recent migration. This may involve running other apps' migrations too, due to dependencies.
• <app_label> <migrationname>: Brings the database schema to a state where the named migration is applied, but no later migrations in the same app are applied. This may involve unapplying migrations if you have previously migrated past the named migration. You can use a prefix of the migration name, e.g. 0001, as long as it's unique for the given app name. Use the name zero to migrate all the way back i.e. to revert all applied migrations for an app.

Peringatan

When unapplying migrations, all dependent migrations will also be unapplied, regardless of <app_label>. You can use --plan to check which migrations will be unapplied.

--database DATABASE

Menentukan basisdata untuk perpindahan. Awal ke default.

--fake

Marks the migrations up to the target one (following the rules above) as applied, but without actually running the SQL to change your database schema.

This is intended for advanced users to manipulate the current migration state directly if they're manually applying changes; be warned that using --fake runs the risk of putting the migration state table into a state where manual recovery will be needed to make migrations run correctly.

--fake-initial

Mengizinkan Django melewti perpindahan inisial applikasi jika semua tabel basisdata dengan nama-nama dari semua model dibuat oleh semua tindakan CreateModel dalam perpindahan itu yang sudah ada. Pilihan ini diperntukkan penggunaan ketika perpindahan penjalanan pertama terhadap basisdata yang sudah ada sebelumnya menggunakan perpindahan. Pilihan ini bukan, bagaimanapun, diperiksa untuk pencocokan skema basisdata diluar pencocokan nama-nama tabel dan sehinggaa hanya aman digunakan jika anda percaya diri bahwa skema yang ada cocok apa yang direkam dalam perpindahan inisial anda.

--plan

Shows the migration operations that will be performed for the given migrate command.

--run-syncdb

Allows creating tables for apps without migrations. While this isn't recommended, the migrations framework is sometimes too slow on large projects with hundreds of models.

--noinput, --no-input

Suppresses all user prompts. An example prompt is asking about removing stale content types.

--check

Makes migrate exit with a non-zero status when unapplied migrations are detected.

--prune

Deletes nonexistent migrations from the django_migrations table. This is useful when migration files replaced by a squashed migration have been removed. See Menginjak perpindahan for more details.

optimizemigration

django-admin optimizemigration app_label migration_name

Optimizes the operations for the named migration and overrides the existing file. If the migration contains functions that must be manually copied, the command creates a new migration file suffixed with _optimized that is meant to replace the named migration.

--check

Makes optimizemigration exit with a non-zero status when a migration can be optimized.

runserver

django-admin runserver [addrport]

Starts a lightweight development web server on the local machine. By default, the server runs on port 8000 on the IP address 127.0.0.1. You can pass in an IP address and port number explicitly.

If you run this script as a user with normal privileges (recommended), you might not have access to start a port on a low port number. Low port numbers are reserved for the superuser (root).

Peladen ini menggunakan obyek aplikasi WSGI ditentukan oleh pengaturan WSGI_APPLICATION.

DO NOT USE THIS SERVER IN A PRODUCTION SETTING. It has not gone through security audits or performance tests. (And that's how it's gonna stay. We're in the business of making web frameworks, not web servers, so improving this server to be able to handle a production environment is outside the scope of Django.)

The development server automatically reloads Python code for each request, as needed. You don't need to restart the server for code changes to take effect. However, some actions like adding files don't trigger a restart, so you'll have to restart the server in these cases.

If you're using Linux or MacOS and install both pywatchman and the Watchman service, kernel signals will be used to autoreload the server (rather than polling file modification timestamps each second). This offers better performance on large projects, reduced response time after code changes, more robust change detection, and a reduction in power usage. Django supports pywatchman 1.2.0 and higher.

Direktori besar dengan banyak berkas mungkin menyebabkan masalah-masalah penampilan

When using Watchman with a project that includes large non-Python directories like node_modules, it's advisable to ignore this directory for optimal performance. See the watchman documentation for information on how to do this.

Watchman timeout

DJANGO_WATCHMAN_TIMEOUT

The default timeout of Watchman client is 5 seconds. You can change it by setting the DJANGO_WATCHMAN_TIMEOUT environment variable.

When you start the server, and each time you change Python code while the server is running, the system check framework will check your entire Django project for some common errors (see the check command). If any errors are found, they will be printed to standard output. You can use the --skip-checks option to skip running system checks.

You can run as many concurrent servers as you want, as long as they're on separate ports by executing django-admin runserver more than once.

Note that the default IP address, 127.0.0.1, is not accessible from other machines on your network. To make your development server viewable to other machines on the network, use its own IP address (e.g. 192.168.2.1), 0 (shortcut for 0.0.0.0), 0.0.0.0, or :: (with IPv6 enabled).

Anda dapat menyediakan sebuah alamat IPv6 dikelilingi oleh tanda kurung (misalnya [200a::1]:8000). Ini akan otomatis mengadakan dukungan IPv6.

Sebuah nama rumah mengandung karakter hanya-ASCII dapat juga digunakan.

Jika staticfiles aplikasi bantuan diadakan (awalan dalam proyek baru) perintah runserver akan ditimpa dengan perintah runserver nya sendiri.

Logging of each request and response of the server is sent to the django.server logger.

--noreload

Disables the auto-reloader. This means any Python code changes you make while the server is running will not take effect if the particular Python modules have already been loaded into memory.

--nothreading

Disables use of threading in the development server. The server is multithreaded by default.

--ipv6, -6

Menggunakan IPv6 untuk peladen pengembangan. Ini merubah alamat IP awal dari 127.0.0.1 ke ::1.

Contoh dari menggunakan port dan alamat berbeda

Port 8000 on IP address 127.0.0.1:

django-admin runserver

Port 8000 on IP address 1.2.3.4:

django-admin runserver 1.2.3.4:8000

Port 7000 on IP address 127.0.0.1:

django-admin runserver 7000

Port 7000 on IP address 1.2.3.4:

django-admin runserver 1.2.3.4:7000

Port 8000 on IPv6 address ::1:

django-admin runserver -6

Port 7000 on IPv6 address ::1:

django-admin runserver -6 7000

Port 7000 on IPv6 address 2001:0db8:1234:5678::9:

django-admin runserver [2001:0db8:1234:5678::9]:7000

Port 8000 on IPv4 address of host localhost:

django-admin runserver localhost:8000

Port 8000 on IPv6 address of host localhost:

django-admin runserver -6 localhost:8000

Melayani berkas-berkas statis dengan peladen pengembangan

By default, the development server doesn't serve any static files for your site (such as CSS files, images, things under MEDIA_URL and so forth). If you want to configure Django to serve static media, read Bagaimana mengelola berkas statik (misalnya gambar, JavaScript, CSS).

Serving with ASGI in development

Django's runserver command provides a WSGI server. In order to run under ASGI you will need to use an ASGI server. The Django Daphne project provides Integration with runserver that you can use.

sendtestemail

django-admin sendtestemail [email [email ...]]

Sends a test email (to confirm email sending through Django is working) to the recipient(s) specified. For example:

django-admin sendtestemail [e-mail] [e-mail]

Ada sepasang pilihan, dan anda mungkin menggunakan perpaduan apapun dari mereka bersama-sama:

--managers

Mails the email addresses specified in MANAGERS using mail_managers().

--admins

Menyuarti alamat surel ditentukan dalam ADMINS menggunakan mail_admins().

sendtestemail

django-admin shell

Mulai penterjemah interaktif Python.

--interface {ipython,bpython,python}, -i {ipython,bpython,python}

Specifies the shell to use. By default, Django will use IPython or bpython if either is installed. If both are installed, specify which one you want like so:

IPython:

django-admin shell -i ipython

bpython:

django-admin shell -i bpython

If you have a "rich" shell installed but want to force use of the "plain" Python interpreter, use python as the interface name, like so:

django-admin shell -i python

--nostartup

Disables reading the startup script for the "plain" Python interpreter. By default, the script pointed to by the PYTHONSTARTUP environment variable or the ~/.pythonrc.py script is read.

--command COMMAND, -c COMMAND

Lets you pass a command as a string to execute it as Django, like so:

django-admin shell --command="import django; print(django.__version__)"

Anda dapat juga melewatkan kode pada masukan standar untuk menjalankan itu. Sebagai contoh:

$ django-admin shell <<EOF
> import django
> print(django.__version__)
> EOF

Pada Windows, REPL adalah keluaran karena batas penerapan dari select.select() pada serambi itu.

showmigrations

django-admin showmigrations [app_label [app_label ...]]

Tampilkan semua perpindahan di sebuah proyek. Anda dapat memilih dari satu dari dua bentuk:

--list, -l

Lists all of the apps Django knows about, the migrations available for each app, and whether or not each migration is applied (marked by an [X] next to the migration name). For a --verbosity of 2 and above, the applied datetimes are also shown.

Aplikasi-aplikasi tanpa perpindahan juga didaftarkan, tetapi (no migrations) dicetak dibawah mereka.

Ini adalah bentuk keluaran awal.

--plan, -p

Shows the migration plan Django will follow to apply migrations. Like --list, applied migrations are marked by an [X]. For a --verbosity of 2 and above, all dependencies of a migration will also be shown.

app_labels arguments limit the output, however, dependencies of provided apps may also be included.

--database DATABASE

Menentukan basisdata untuk diuji. Awalan default.

sqlflush

django-admin sqlflush

Cetak pernyataan SQL yang akan dijalankan untuk perintah flush.

--database DATABASE

Menentukan basisdata untuk dimana mencetak SQL. Awal ke default.

sqlflush

django-admin sqlmigrate app_label migration_name

Prints the SQL for the named migration. This requires an active database connection, which it will use to resolve constraint names; this means you must generate the SQL against a copy of the database you wish to later apply it on.

catat bahwa sqlmigrate tidak mewarnai keluarannya.

--backwards

Generates the SQL for unapplying the migration. By default, the SQL created is for running the migration in the forwards direction.

--database DATABASE

Menentukan basisdata dimana untuk membangkitkan SQL. Awalan pada default.

sqlsequencereset

django-admin sqlsequencereset app_label [app_label ...]

Mencetak pernyataan SQL untuk menyetel kembali urutan untuk nama aplikasi yang diberikan.

Sequences are indexes used by some database engines to track the next available number for automatically incremented fields.

Use this command to generate SQL which will fix cases where a sequence is out of sync with its automatically incremented field data.

--database DATABASE

Menentukan basisdata untuk dimana mencetak SQL. Awal ke default.

squashmigrations

django-admin squashmigrations app_label [start_migration_name] migration_name

Squashes the migrations for app_label up to and including migration_name down into fewer migrations, if possible. The resulting squashed migrations can live alongside the unsquashed ones safely. For more information, please read Menginjak perpindahan.

When start_migration_name is given, Django will only include migrations starting from and including this migration. This helps to mitigate the squashing limitation of RunPython and django.db.migrations.operations.RunSQL migration operations.

--no-optimize

Disables the optimizer when generating a squashed migration. By default, Django will try to optimize the operations in your migrations to reduce the size of the resulting file. Use this option if this process is failing or creating incorrect migrations, though please also file a Django bug report about the behavior, as optimization is meant to be safe.

--noinput, --no-input

Menekan semua permintaan pengguna.

--squashed-name SQUASHED_NAME

Sets the name of the squashed migration. When omitted, the name is based on the first and last migration, with _squashed_ in between.

--no-header

Generate squashed migration file without Django version and timestamp header.

startapp

django-admin startapp name [directory]

Membuat sebuah direktori aplikasi Django untuk nama aplikasi yang diberikan dalam direktori saat ini atau tujuan yang diberikan.

By default, the new directory contains a models.py file and other app template files. If only the app name is given, the app directory will be created in the current working directory.

Jika tujuan pilihan disediakan, Django akan menggunakan direktori yang ada tersebut daripada membuat satu yang baru. Anda dapat menggunakan '.' untuk menyatakan direktori kerja saat ini.

Sebagai contoh:

django-admin startapp myapp /Users/jezdez/Code/myapp

--template TEMPLATE

Provides the path to a directory with a custom app template file, or a path to an uncompressed archive (.tar) or a compressed archive (.tar.gz, .tar.bz2, .tar.xz, .tar.lzma, .tgz, .tbz2, .txz, .tlz, .zip) containing the app template files.

For example, this would look for an app template in the given directory when creating the myapp app:

django-admin startapp --template=/Users/jezdez/Code/my_app_template myapp

Django juga akan menerima URL (http, https, ftp) untuk menekan arsip dengan berkas cetakan aplikasi, mengunduh dan mengeluarkan mereka dengan cepat.

For example, taking advantage of GitHub's feature to expose repositories as zip files, you can use a URL like:

django-admin startapp --template=https://github.com/githubuser/django-app-template/archive/main.zip myapp

--extension EXTENSIONS, -e EXTENSIONS

Menentukan ekstensi berkas mana dalam cetakan aplikasi harus dibangun dengan mesin cetakan. Awalan pada py.

--name FILES, -n FILES

Menentukan berkas-berkas mana dalam cetakan aplikasi (sebagai tambahan ke pencocokan tersebut -extension) harus dibangun dengan mesin cetakan. Awalan pada sebuah list kosong.

--exclude DIRECTORIES, -x DIRECTORIES

Specifies which directories in the app template should be excluded, in addition to .git and __pycache__. If this option is not provided, directories named __pycache__ or starting with . will be excluded.

template context digunakan untuk semua pencocokan berkas adalah:

• Pilihan apapun dilewatkan ke perintah startapp (diantara pilihan yang didukugn perintah)
• app_name -- nama aplikasi diloloskan ke perintah
• app_directory -- jalur penuh dari aplikasi dibuat baru saja
• camel_case_app_name -- nama aplikasi dalam bentuk casing onta
• docs_version -- versi dari dokumentasi: 'dev' atau '1.x'
• django_version -- the version of Django, e.g. '2.0.3'

Peringatan

When the app template files are rendered with the Django template engine (by default all *.py files), Django will also replace all stray template variables contained. For example, if one of the Python files contains a docstring explaining a particular feature related to template rendering, it might result in an incorrect example.

To work around this problem, you can use the templatetag template tag to "escape" the various parts of the template syntax.

In addition, to allow Python template files that contain Django template language syntax while also preventing packaging systems from trying to byte-compile invalid *.py files, template files ending with .py-tpl will be renamed to .py.

Peringatan

The contents of custom app (or project) templates should always be audited before use: Such templates define code that will become part of your project, and this means that such code will be trusted as much as any app you install, or code you write yourself. Further, even rendering the templates is, effectively, executing code that was provided as input to the management command. The Django template language may provide wide access into the system, so make sure any custom template you use is worthy of your trust.

startproject

django-admin startproject name [directory]

Membuat struktur direktori proyek Django untuk nama proyek yang diberikan dalam direktori saat ini atau tujuanyang diberikan.

By default, the new directory contains manage.py and a project package (containing a settings.py and other files).

If only the project name is given, both the project directory and project package will be named <projectname> and the project directory will be created in the current working directory.

If the optional destination is provided, Django will use that existing directory as the project directory, and create manage.py and the project package within it. Use '.' to denote the current working directory.

Sebagai contoh:

django-admin startproject myproject /Users/jezdez/Code/myproject_repo

--template TEMPLATE

Menentukan sebuah direktori, jalur berkas, atau URL dari penyesuaian cetakan proyek. Lihat dokumentasi startapp --template untuk contoh-contoh dan penggunaan.

--extension EXTENSIONS, -e EXTENSIONS

Menentukan berkas-berkas tambahan mana dalam proyek harus dibangun dengan mesin cetakan. Awalan pada py.

--name FILES, -n FILES

Specifies which files in the project template (in addition to those matching --extension) should be rendered with the template engine. Defaults to an empty list.

--exclude DIRECTORIES, -x DIRECTORIES

Specifies which directories in the project template should be excluded, in addition to .git and __pycache__. If this option is not provided, directories named __pycache__ or starting with . will be excluded.

template context digunakan adalah:

• Pilihan apapun dilewatkan pada perintah startproject (diantara pilihan yang didukung perintah)
• project_name -- nama proyek diloloskan ke perintah
• project_directory -- jalur penuh dari proyek dibuat baru
• secret_key -- kunci acak untuk pengaturan SECRET_KEY
• docs_version -- versi dari dokumentasi: 'dev' atau '1.x'
• django_version -- the version of Django, e.g. '2.0.3'

Please also see the rendering warning and trusted code warning as mentioned for startapp.

test

django-admin test [test_label [test_label ...]]

Jalankan percobaan untuk semua aplikasi terpasang. Lihat Percobaan di Django untuk informasi lebih.

--failfast

Berhenti menjalankan percobaan dan melaporkan kegagalan segera setelah percobaan gagal.

--testrunner TESTRUNNER

Mengendalikan kelas pejalan percobaan yang digunakan untuk menjalankan percobaan. Nilai ini menimpa nilai disediakan oleh pengaturan TEST_RUNNER.

--noinput, --no-input

Suppresses all user prompts. A typical prompt is a warning about deleting an existing test database.

Pilihan pejalan percobaan

The test command receives options on behalf of the specified --testrunner. These are the options of the default test runner: DiscoverRunner.

--keepdb

Preserves the test database between test runs. This has the advantage of skipping both the create and destroy actions which can greatly decrease the time to run tests, especially those in a large test suite. If the test database does not exist, it will be created on the first run and then preserved for each subsequent run. Unless the MIGRATE test setting is False, any unapplied migrations will also be applied to the test database before running the test suite.

--shuffle [SEED]

Randomizes the order of tests before running them. This can help detect tests that aren't properly isolated. The test order generated by this option is a deterministic function of the integer seed given. When no seed is passed, a seed is chosen randomly and printed to the console. To repeat a particular test order, pass a seed. The test orders generated by this option preserve Django's guarantees on test order. They also keep tests grouped by test case class.

The shuffled orderings also have a special consistency property useful when narrowing down isolation issues. Namely, for a given seed and when running a subset of tests, the new order will be the original shuffling restricted to the smaller set. Similarly, when adding tests while keeping the seed the same, the order of the original tests will be the same in the new order.

--reverse, -r

Sorts test cases in the opposite execution order. This may help in debugging the side effects of tests that aren't properly isolated. Grouping by test class is preserved when using this option. This can be used in conjunction with --shuffle to reverse the order for a particular seed.

--debug-mode

Setel pengaturan DEBUG menjadi True sebelum menjalankan percobaan. Ini mungkin membantu mengatasi masalah kegagalan percobaan.

--debug-sql, -d

Mengadakan SQL logging untuk percobaan gagal. Jika --verbosity adalah 2, kemudian permintaan dalam melewatkan percobaan juga keluaran.

--parallel [N]

DJANGO_TEST_PROCESSES

Runs tests in separate parallel processes. Since modern processors have multiple cores, this allows running tests significantly faster.

Using --parallel without a value, or with the value auto, runs one test process per core according to multiprocessing.cpu_count(). You can override this by passing the desired number of processes, e.g. --parallel 4, or by setting the DJANGO_TEST_PROCESSES environment variable.

Django distributes test cases — unittest.TestCase subclasses — to subprocesses. If there are fewer test case classes than configured processes, Django will reduce the number of processes accordingly.

Each process gets its own database. You must ensure that different test case classes don't access the same resources. For instance, test case classes that touch the filesystem should create a temporary directory for their own use.

Catatan

If you have test classes that cannot be run in parallel, you can use SerializeMixin to run them sequentially. See Enforce running test classes sequentially.

This option requires the third-party tblib package to display tracebacks correctly:

$ python -m pip install tblib

Fitur ini tidak tersedia pada Windows. Itu tidak bekerja dengan salah satu backend basisdata Oracle.

If you want to use pdb while debugging tests, you must disable parallel execution (--parallel=1). You'll see something like bdb.BdbQuit if you don't.

Peringatan

When test parallelization is enabled and a test fails, Django may be unable to display the exception traceback. This can make debugging difficult. If you encounter this problem, run the affected test without parallelization to see the traceback of the failure.

Ini adalah batasan yang diketahui. Itu muncul dari kebutuhan menserialkan obyek untuk menukarkan mereka diantara pengolahan. Lihat What can be pickled and unpickled? untuk rincian.

--tag TAGS

Runs only tests marked with the specified tags. May be specified multiple times and combined with test --exclude-tag.

Tests that fail to load are always considered matching.

--exclude-tag EXCLUDE_TAGS

Excludes tests marked with the specified tags. May be specified multiple times and combined with test --tag.

-k TEST_NAME_PATTERNS

Runs test methods and classes matching test name patterns, in the same way as unittest's -k option. Can be specified multiple times.

--pdb

Spawns a pdb debugger at each test error or failure. If you have it installed, ipdb is used instead.

--buffer, -b

Discards output (stdout and stderr) for passing tests, in the same way as unittest's --buffer option.

--no-faulthandler

Django automatically calls faulthandler.enable() when starting the tests, which allows it to print a traceback if the interpreter crashes. Pass --no-faulthandler to disable this behavior.

--timing

Outputs timings, including database setup and total run time.

--durations N

New in Django 5.0.

Shows the N slowest test cases (N=0 for all).

Python 3.12 and later

This feature is only available for Python 3.12 and later.

testserver

django-admin testserver [fixture [fixture ...]]

Runs a Django development server (as in runserver) using data from the given fixture(s).

For example, this command:

django-admin testserver mydata.json

...akan melakukan langkah-langkah berikut:

1. Buat basisdata percobaan, seperti digambarkan di Basisdata percobaan.
2. Populate the test database with fixture data from the given fixtures. (For more on fixtures, see the documentation for loaddata above.)
3. Runs the Django development server (as in runserver), pointed at this newly created test database instead of your production database.

Ini sangat berguna di sejumlah jalan:

• When you're writing unit tests of how your views act with certain fixture data, you can use testserver to interact with the views in a web browser, manually.
• Let's say you're developing your Django application and have a "pristine" copy of a database that you'd like to interact with. You can dump your database to a fixture (using the dumpdata command, explained above), then use testserver to run your web application with that data. With this arrangement, you have the flexibility of messing up your data in any way, knowing that whatever data changes you're making are only being made to a test database.

Note that this server does not automatically detect changes to your Python source code (as runserver does). It does, however, detect changes to templates.

--addrport ADDRPORT

Specifies a different port, or IP address and port, from the default of 127.0.0.1:8000. This value follows exactly the same format and serves exactly the same function as the argument to the runserver command.

Contoh:

To run the test server on port 7000 with fixture1 and fixture2:

django-admin testserver --addrport 7000 fixture1 fixture2
django-admin testserver fixture1 fixture2 --addrport 7000

(The above statements are equivalent. We include both of them to demonstrate that it doesn't matter whether the options come before or after the fixture arguments.)

To run on 1.2.3.4:7000 with a test fixture:

django-admin testserver --addrport 1.2.3.4:7000 test

--noinput, --no-input

Suppresses all user prompts. A typical prompt is a warning about deleting an existing test database.

Perintah disediakan oleh aplikasi

Some commands are only available when the django.contrib application that implements them has been enabled. This section describes them grouped by their application.

django.contrib.auth

changepassword

django-admin changepassword [<username>]

Perintah ini hanya tersedia jika authentication system (django.contrib.auth) Django dipasang.

Allows changing a user's password. It prompts you to enter a new password twice for the given user. If the entries are identical, this immediately becomes the new password. If you do not supply a user, the command will attempt to change the password whose username matches the current user.

--database DATABASE

Menentukan basisdata untuk permintaan untuk pengguna. Awal ke default.

Contoh penggunaan:

django-admin changepassword ringo

createsuperuser

django-admin createsuperuser

DJANGO_SUPERUSER_PASSWORD

Perintah ini hanya tersedia jika authentication system (django.contrib.auth) Django dipasang.

Creates a superuser account (a user who has all permissions). This is useful if you need to create an initial superuser account or if you need to programmatically generate superuser accounts for your site(s).

When run interactively, this command will prompt for a password for the new superuser account. When run non-interactively, you can provide a password by setting the DJANGO_SUPERUSER_PASSWORD environment variable. Otherwise, no password will be set, and the superuser account will not be able to log in until a password has been manually set for it.

In non-interactive mode, the USERNAME_FIELD and required fields (listed in REQUIRED_FIELDS) fall back to DJANGO_SUPERUSER_<uppercase_field_name> environment variables, unless they are overridden by a command line argument. For example, to provide an email field, you can use DJANGO_SUPERUSER_EMAIL environment variable.

--noinput, --no-input

Suppresses all user prompts. If a suppressed prompt cannot be resolved automatically, the command will exit with error code 1.

--username USERNAME

--email EMAIL

The username and email address for the new account can be supplied by using the --username and --email arguments on the command line. If either of those is not supplied, createsuperuser will prompt for it when running interactively.

--database DATABASE

Specifies the database into which the superuser object will be saved.

You can subclass the management command and override get_input_data() if you want to customize data input and validation. Consult the source code for details on the existing implementation and the method's parameters. For example, it could be useful if you have a ForeignKey in REQUIRED_FIELDS and want to allow creating an instance instead of entering the primary key of an existing instance.

django.contrib.contenttypes

remove_stale_contenttypes

django-admin remove_stale_contenttypes

Printah ini hanya tersedia jika contenttypes app (django.contrib.contenttypes) Django terpasang.

Deletes stale content types (from deleted models) in your database. Any objects that depend on the deleted content types will also be deleted. A list of deleted objects will be displayed before you confirm it's okay to proceed with the deletion.

--database DATABASE

Menentukan basisdata untuk digunakan. Awalan pada default.

--include-stale-apps

Deletes stale content types including ones from previously installed apps that have been removed from INSTALLED_APPS. Defaults to False.

django.contrib.gis

ogrinspect

Perintah ini hanya tersedia jika GeoDjango (django.contrib.gis) terpasang.

Silahkan mengacu ke description nya di dokumentasi GeoDjango.

django.contrib.sessions

clearsessions

django-admin clearsessions

Dapat berjalan sebagai sebuah pekerjaan cron job atau langsung membersihkan sesi kadaluarsa.

django.contrib.staticfiles

collectstatic

Perintah ini hanya tersedia jika:doc:static files application </howto/static-files/index> (django.contrib.staticfiles) terpasang.

Silahkan mengacu ke description in the staticfiles nya di dokumentasi.

findstatic

Perintah ini hanya tersedia jika:doc:static files application </howto/static-files/index> (django.contrib.staticfiles) terpasang.

Harap mengacu pada description nya dalam dokumentasi the staticfiles .

Pilihan awal

Although some commands may allow their own custom options, every command allows for the following options by default:

--pythonpath PYTHONPATH

Adds the given filesystem path to the Python sys.path module attribute. If this isn't provided, django-admin will use the PYTHONPATH environment variable.

Pilihan ini tidak diperlukan dalam manage.py, karena itu merawat pengaturan jalur Python untuk anda.

Contoh penggunaan:

django-admin migrate --pythonpath='/home/djangoprojects/myproject'

--settings SETTINGS

Specifies the settings module to use. The settings module should be in Python package syntax, e.g. mysite.settings. If this isn't provided, django-admin will use the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable.

Pilihan ini belum diperlukan di manage.py, karena itu menggunakan settings.py dari proyek saat ini secara awal.

Contoh penggunaan:

django-admin migrate --settings=mysite.settings

--traceback

Displays a full stack trace when a CommandError is raised. By default, django-admin will show an error message when a CommandError occurs and a full stack trace for any other exception.

This option is ignored by runserver.

Contoh penggunaan:

django-admin migrate --traceback

--verbosity {0,1,2,3}, -v {0,1,2,3}

Menentukan jumlah pemberitahuan dan informasi mencari kesalahan yang perintah harus cetak ke konsol.

• 0 berarti tidak ada keluaran.
• 1 berarti keluaran biasa(awalan).
• 2 berarti keluaran bertele-tele.
• 3 berarti keluaran bertele-tele sangat.

This option is ignored by runserver.

Contoh penggunaan:

django-admin migrate --verbosity 2

--no-color

Disables colorized command output. Some commands format their output to be colorized. For example, errors will be printed to the console in red and SQL statements will be syntax highlighted.

Contoh penggunaan:

django-admin runserver --no-color

--force-color

Forces colorization of the command output if it would otherwise be disabled as discussed in Pewarnaan sintaksis. For example, you may want to pipe colored output to another command.

--skip-checks

Skips running system checks prior to running the command. This option is only available if the requires_system_checks command attribute is not an empty list or tuple.

Contoh penggunaan:

django-admin migrate --skip-checks

Kecermatan tambahan

Pewarnaan sintaksis

DJANGO_COLORS

The django-admin / manage.py commands will use pretty color-coded output if your terminal supports ANSI-colored output. It won't use the color codes if you're piping the command's output to another program unless the --force-color option is used.

Windows support

On Windows 10, the Windows Terminal application, VS Code, and PowerShell (where virtual terminal processing is enabled) allow colored output, and are supported by default.

Under Windows, the legacy cmd.exe native console doesn't support ANSI escape sequences so by default there is no color output. In this case either of two third-party libraries are needed:

• Install colorama, a Python package that translates ANSI color codes into Windows API calls. Django commands will detect its presence and will make use of its services to color output just like on Unix-based platforms. colorama can be installed via pip:

  ...\> py -m pip install "colorama >= 0.4.6"
  

• Install ANSICON, a third-party tool that allows cmd.exe to process ANSI color codes. Django commands will detect its presence and will make use of its services to color output just like on Unix-based platforms.

Other modern terminal environments on Windows, that support terminal colors, but which are not automatically detected as supported by Django, may "fake" the installation of ANSICON by setting the appropriate environmental variable, ANSICON="on".

Custom colors

Penggunaan warna untuk penyorotan sintaksis dapat disesuaikan. Django mengirim dengan tida warna palet:

• dark, cocok pada terminals yang menunjukkan teks putih pada latar belakang hitam. Ini adalah palet awalan.
• light, cocok pada to terminal yang menunjukkan teks hitam pada latar belakang putih.
• nocolor, yang meniadakan penyorotan sintaksis.

You select a palette by setting a DJANGO_COLORS environment variable to specify the palette you want to use. For example, to specify the light palette under a Unix or OS/X BASH shell, you would run the following at a command prompt:

export DJANGO_COLORS="light"

Anda dapat menyesuaikan warna yang digunakan. Django menentukan sejumlah peran dimana warna digunakan.

• error - Sebuah kesalahan besar.
• notice - Sebuah kesalahan kecil.
• success - Sebuah berhasil.
• warning - Sebuah peringatan.
• sql_field - nama dari bidang model di SQL.
• sql_coltype - Jenis dari bidang model di SQL.
• sql_keyword - Sebuah kata kunci SQL.
• sql_table - Nama dari sebuah model di SQL.
• http_info - A 1XX HTTP Informational server response.
• http_success - A 2XX HTTP Success server response.
• http_not_modified - A 304 HTTP Not Modified server response.
• http_redirect - A 3XX HTTP Redirect server response other than 304.
• http_not_found - A 404 HTTP Not Found server response.
• http_bad_request - A 4XX HTTP Bad Request server response other than 404.
• http_server_error - A 5XX HTTP Server Error response.
• migrate_heading - A heading in a migrations management command.
• migrate_label - Sebuah nama perpindahan.

Each of these roles can be assigned a specific foreground and background color, from the following list:

• hitam
• merah
• hijau
• kuning
• biru
• magenta
• cyan
• putih

Setiap warna ini dapat dirubah menggunakan pilihan tampilan berikut:

• tebal
• garis bawah
• kedip
• reverse
• conceal

Sebuah spesifikasi warna mengikuti satu dari pola berikut:

• role=fg
• role=fg/bg
• role=fg,option,option
• role=fg/bg,option,option

where role is the name of a valid color role, fg is the foreground color, bg is the background color and each option is one of the color modifying options. Multiple color specifications are then separated by a semicolon. For example:

export DJANGO_COLORS="error=yellow/blue,blink;notice=magenta"

would specify that errors be displayed using blinking yellow on blue, and notices displayed using magenta. All other color roles would be left uncolored.

Colors can also be specified by extending a base palette. If you put a palette name in a color specification, all the colors implied by that palette will be loaded. So:

export DJANGO_COLORS="light;error=yellow/blue,blink;notice=magenta"

would specify the use of all the colors in the light color palette, except for the colors for errors and notices which would be overridden as specified.

Bash completion

If you use the Bash shell, consider installing the Django bash completion script, which lives in extras/django_bash_completion in the Django source distribution. It enables tab-completion of django-admin and manage.py commands, so you can, for instance...

• Ketik django-admin.
• Tekan [TAB] untuk melihat semua pilihan tersedia.
• Ketik sql, kemudian [TAB], untuk melihat semua pilihan tersedia yang namanya dimulai dengan sql.

Lihat Bagaimana membuat perintah django-admin yang disesuaikan untuk bagaimana menambahkan tindakan disesuaikan.

Black formatting

The Python files created by startproject, startapp, optimizemigration, makemigrations, and squashmigrations are formatted using the black command if it is present on your PATH.

If you have black globally installed, but do not wish it used for the current project, you can set the PATH explicitly:

PATH=path/to/venv/bin django-admin makemigrations

For commands using stdout you can pipe the output to black if needed:

django-admin inspectdb | black -

Menjalankan pengelolaan perintah dari kode anda

django.core.management.call_command(name, *args, **options)

To call a management command from code use call_command().

name

nama dari perintah untuk memanggil atau memerintah obyek. Melewatkan nama dipilih meskipun obyek diwajibkan untuk percobaan.

*args

a list of arguments accepted by the command. Arguments are passed to the argument parser, so you can use the same style as you would on the command line. For example, call_command('flush', '--verbosity=0').

**options

named options accepted on the command-line. Options are passed to the command without triggering the argument parser, which means you'll need to pass the correct type. For example, call_command('flush', verbosity=0) (zero must be an integer rather than a string).

Contoh:

from django.core import management
from django.core.management.commands import loaddata

management.call_command("flush", verbosity=0, interactive=False)
management.call_command("loaddata", "test_data", verbosity=0)
management.call_command(loaddata.Command(), "test_data", verbosity=0)

Note that command options that take no arguments are passed as keywords with True or False, as you can see with the interactive option above.

Named arguments can be passed by using either one of the following syntaxes:

# Similar to the command line
management.call_command("dumpdata", "--natural-foreign")

# Named argument similar to the command line minus the initial dashes and
# with internal dashes replaced by underscores
management.call_command("dumpdata", natural_foreign=True)

# `use_natural_foreign_keys` is the option destination variable
management.call_command("dumpdata", use_natural_foreign_keys=True)

Some command options have different names when using call_command() instead of django-admin or manage.py. For example, django-admin createsuperuser --no-input translates to call_command('createsuperuser', interactive=False). To find what keyword argument name to use for call_command(), check the command's source code for the dest argument passed to parser.add_argument().

Command options which take multiple options are passed a list:

management.call_command("dumpdata", exclude=["contenttypes", "auth"])

The return value of the call_command() function is the same as the return value of the handle() method of the command.

Pengalihan keluaran

Note that you can redirect standard output and error streams as all commands support the stdout and stderr options. For example, you could write:

with open("/path/to/command_output", "w") as f:
    management.call_command("dumpdata", stdout=f)