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django.core.urlresolvers
utility functions¶
reverse()¶
If you need to use something similar to the url
template tag in
your code, Django provides the following function:
viewname
can be a string containing the Python path to the view object, a
URL pattern name, or the callable view object.
For example, given the following url
:
from news import views
url(r'^archive/$', views.archive, name='news-archive')
you can use any of the following to reverse the URL:
# using the named URL
reverse('news-archive')
# passing a callable object
# (This is discouraged because you can't reverse namespaced views this way.)
from news import views
reverse(views.archive)
If the URL accepts arguments, you may pass them in args
. For example:
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
def myview(request):
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('arch-summary', args=[1945]))
You can also pass kwargs
instead of args
. For example:
>>> reverse('admin:app_list', kwargs={'app_label': 'auth'})
'/admin/auth/'
args
and kwargs
cannot be passed to reverse()
at the same time.
If no match can be made, reverse()
raises a
NoReverseMatch
exception.
The reverse()
function can reverse a large variety of regular expression
patterns for URLs, but not every possible one. The main restriction at the
moment is that the pattern cannot contain alternative choices using the
vertical bar ("|"
) character. You can quite happily use such patterns for
matching against incoming URLs and sending them off to views, but you cannot
reverse such patterns.
The current_app
argument allows you to provide a hint to the resolver
indicating the application to which the currently executing view belongs.
This current_app
argument is used as a hint to resolve application
namespaces into URLs on specific application instances, according to the
namespaced URL resolution strategy.
The urlconf
argument is the URLconf module containing the url patterns to
use for reversing. By default, the root URLconf for the current thread is used.
Deprecated since version 1.8: The ability to reverse using the Python path, e.g.
reverse('news.views.archive')
, has been deprecated.
Make sure your views are all correct.
As part of working out which URL names map to which patterns, the
reverse()
function has to import all of your URLconf files and examine
the name of each view. This involves importing each view function. If
there are any errors whilst importing any of your view functions, it
will cause reverse()
to raise an error, even if that view function is
not the one you are trying to reverse.
Make sure that any views you reference in your URLconf files exist and can be imported correctly. Do not include lines that reference views you haven’t written yet, because those views will not be importable.
Note
The string returned by reverse()
is already
urlquoted. For example:
>>> reverse('cities', args=['Orléans'])
'.../Orl%C3%A9ans/'
Applying further encoding (such as urlquote()
or
urllib.quote
) to the output of reverse()
may produce undesirable
results.
reverse_lazy()¶
A lazily evaluated version of reverse().
-
reverse_lazy
(viewname, urlconf=None, args=None, kwargs=None, current_app=None)¶
It is useful for when you need to use a URL reversal before your project’s URLConf is loaded. Some common cases where this function is necessary are:
- providing a reversed URL as the
url
attribute of a generic class-based view. - providing a reversed URL to a decorator (such as the
login_url
argument for thedjango.contrib.auth.decorators.permission_required()
decorator). - providing a reversed URL as a default value for a parameter in a function’s signature.
resolve()¶
The resolve()
function can be used for resolving URL paths to the
corresponding view functions. It has the following signature:
path
is the URL path you want to resolve. As with
reverse()
, you don’t need to
worry about the urlconf
parameter. The function returns a
ResolverMatch
object that allows you
to access various meta-data about the resolved URL.
If the URL does not resolve, the function raises a
Resolver404
exception (a subclass of
Http404
) .
-
class
ResolverMatch
[source]¶ -
func
¶ The view function that would be used to serve the URL
-
args
¶ The arguments that would be passed to the view function, as parsed from the URL.
-
kwargs
¶ The keyword arguments that would be passed to the view function, as parsed from the URL.
-
url_name
¶ The name of the URL pattern that matches the URL.
-
app_name
¶ The application namespace for the URL pattern that matches the URL.
-
namespace
¶ The instance namespace for the URL pattern that matches the URL.
-
namespaces
¶ The list of individual namespace components in the full instance namespace for the URL pattern that matches the URL. i.e., if the namespace is
foo:bar
, then namespaces will be['foo', 'bar']
.
-
view_name
¶ The name of the view that matches the URL, including the namespace if there is one.
-
A ResolverMatch
object can then be interrogated to provide
information about the URL pattern that matches a URL:
# Resolve a URL
match = resolve('/some/path/')
# Print the URL pattern that matches the URL
print(match.url_name)
A ResolverMatch
object can also be assigned to a triple:
func, args, kwargs = resolve('/some/path/')
One possible use of resolve()
would be to test
whether a view would raise a Http404
error before redirecting to it:
from django.core.urlresolvers import resolve
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect, Http404
from django.utils.six.moves.urllib.parse import urlparse
def myview(request):
next = request.META.get('HTTP_REFERER', None) or '/'
response = HttpResponseRedirect(next)
# modify the request and response as required, e.g. change locale
# and set corresponding locale cookie
view, args, kwargs = resolve(urlparse(next)[2])
kwargs['request'] = request
try:
view(*args, **kwargs)
except Http404:
return HttpResponseRedirect('/')
return response
get_script_prefix()¶
Normally, you should always use reverse()
to
define URLs within your application. However, if your application constructs
part of the URL hierarchy itself, you may occasionally need to generate URLs.
In that case, you need to be able to find the base URL of the Django project
within its Web server (normally, reverse()
takes care of this for you). In that case, you can call
get_script_prefix()
, which will return the script prefix portion of the URL
for your Django project. If your Django project is at the root of its web
server, this is always "/"
.