Source code for django.db.models.constraints

from enum import Enum

from django.core.exceptions import FieldError, ValidationError
from django.db import connections
from django.db.models.expressions import Exists, ExpressionList, F, OrderBy
from django.db.models.indexes import IndexExpression
from django.db.models.lookups import Exact
from django.db.models.query_utils import Q
from django.db.models.sql.query import Query
from django.db.utils import DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _

__all__ = ["BaseConstraint", "CheckConstraint", "Deferrable", "UniqueConstraint"]


[docs] class BaseConstraint: default_violation_error_message = _("Constraint “%(name)s” is violated.") violation_error_message = None def __init__(self, name, violation_error_message=None): self.name = name if violation_error_message is not None: self.violation_error_message = violation_error_message else: self.violation_error_message = self.default_violation_error_message @property def contains_expressions(self): return False def constraint_sql(self, model, schema_editor): raise NotImplementedError("This method must be implemented by a subclass.") def create_sql(self, model, schema_editor): raise NotImplementedError("This method must be implemented by a subclass.") def remove_sql(self, model, schema_editor): raise NotImplementedError("This method must be implemented by a subclass.")
[docs] def validate(self, model, instance, exclude=None, using=DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS): raise NotImplementedError("This method must be implemented by a subclass.")
def get_violation_error_message(self): return self.violation_error_message % {"name": self.name} def deconstruct(self): path = "%s.%s" % (self.__class__.__module__, self.__class__.__name__) path = path.replace("django.db.models.constraints", "django.db.models") kwargs = {"name": self.name} if ( self.violation_error_message is not None and self.violation_error_message != self.default_violation_error_message ): kwargs["violation_error_message"] = self.violation_error_message return (path, (), kwargs) def clone(self): _, args, kwargs = self.deconstruct() return self.__class__(*args, **kwargs)
[docs] class CheckConstraint(BaseConstraint): def __init__(self, *, check, name, violation_error_message=None): self.check = check if not getattr(check, "conditional", False): raise TypeError( "CheckConstraint.check must be a Q instance or boolean expression." ) super().__init__(name, violation_error_message=violation_error_message) def _get_check_sql(self, model, schema_editor): query = Query(model=model, alias_cols=False) where = query.build_where(self.check) compiler = query.get_compiler(connection=schema_editor.connection) sql, params = where.as_sql(compiler, schema_editor.connection) return sql % tuple(schema_editor.quote_value(p) for p in params) def constraint_sql(self, model, schema_editor): check = self._get_check_sql(model, schema_editor) return schema_editor._check_sql(self.name, check) def create_sql(self, model, schema_editor): check = self._get_check_sql(model, schema_editor) return schema_editor._create_check_sql(model, self.name, check) def remove_sql(self, model, schema_editor): return schema_editor._delete_check_sql(model, self.name) def validate(self, model, instance, exclude=None, using=DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS): against = instance._get_field_value_map(meta=model._meta, exclude=exclude) try: if not Q(self.check).check(against, using=using): raise ValidationError(self.get_violation_error_message()) except FieldError: pass def __repr__(self): return "<%s: check=%s name=%s>" % ( self.__class__.__qualname__, self.check, repr(self.name), ) def __eq__(self, other): if isinstance(other, CheckConstraint): return ( self.name == other.name and self.check == other.check and self.violation_error_message == other.violation_error_message ) return super().__eq__(other) def deconstruct(self): path, args, kwargs = super().deconstruct() kwargs["check"] = self.check return path, args, kwargs
class Deferrable(Enum): DEFERRED = "deferred" IMMEDIATE = "immediate" # A similar format was proposed for Python 3.10. def __repr__(self): return f"{self.__class__.__qualname__}.{self._name_}"
[docs] class UniqueConstraint(BaseConstraint): def __init__( self, *expressions, fields=(), name=None, condition=None, deferrable=None, include=None, opclasses=(), violation_error_message=None, ): if not name: raise ValueError("A unique constraint must be named.") if not expressions and not fields: raise ValueError( "At least one field or expression is required to define a " "unique constraint." ) if expressions and fields: raise ValueError( "UniqueConstraint.fields and expressions are mutually exclusive." ) if not isinstance(condition, (type(None), Q)): raise ValueError("UniqueConstraint.condition must be a Q instance.") if condition and deferrable: raise ValueError("UniqueConstraint with conditions cannot be deferred.") if include and deferrable: raise ValueError("UniqueConstraint with include fields cannot be deferred.") if opclasses and deferrable: raise ValueError("UniqueConstraint with opclasses cannot be deferred.") if expressions and deferrable: raise ValueError("UniqueConstraint with expressions cannot be deferred.") if expressions and opclasses: raise ValueError( "UniqueConstraint.opclasses cannot be used with expressions. " "Use django.contrib.postgres.indexes.OpClass() instead." ) if not isinstance(deferrable, (type(None), Deferrable)): raise ValueError( "UniqueConstraint.deferrable must be a Deferrable instance." ) if not isinstance(include, (type(None), list, tuple)): raise ValueError("UniqueConstraint.include must be a list or tuple.") if not isinstance(opclasses, (list, tuple)): raise ValueError("UniqueConstraint.opclasses must be a list or tuple.") if opclasses and len(fields) != len(opclasses): raise ValueError( "UniqueConstraint.fields and UniqueConstraint.opclasses must " "have the same number of elements." ) self.fields = tuple(fields) self.condition = condition self.deferrable = deferrable self.include = tuple(include) if include else () self.opclasses = opclasses self.expressions = tuple( F(expression) if isinstance(expression, str) else expression for expression in expressions ) super().__init__(name, violation_error_message=violation_error_message) @property def contains_expressions(self): return bool(self.expressions) def _get_condition_sql(self, model, schema_editor): if self.condition is None: return None query = Query(model=model, alias_cols=False) where = query.build_where(self.condition) compiler = query.get_compiler(connection=schema_editor.connection) sql, params = where.as_sql(compiler, schema_editor.connection) return sql % tuple(schema_editor.quote_value(p) for p in params) def _get_index_expressions(self, model, schema_editor): if not self.expressions: return None index_expressions = [] for expression in self.expressions: index_expression = IndexExpression(expression) index_expression.set_wrapper_classes(schema_editor.connection) index_expressions.append(index_expression) return ExpressionList(*index_expressions).resolve_expression( Query(model, alias_cols=False), ) def constraint_sql(self, model, schema_editor): fields = [model._meta.get_field(field_name) for field_name in self.fields] include = [ model._meta.get_field(field_name).column for field_name in self.include ] condition = self._get_condition_sql(model, schema_editor) expressions = self._get_index_expressions(model, schema_editor) return schema_editor._unique_sql( model, fields, self.name, condition=condition, deferrable=self.deferrable, include=include, opclasses=self.opclasses, expressions=expressions, ) def create_sql(self, model, schema_editor): fields = [model._meta.get_field(field_name) for field_name in self.fields] include = [ model._meta.get_field(field_name).column for field_name in self.include ] condition = self._get_condition_sql(model, schema_editor) expressions = self._get_index_expressions(model, schema_editor) return schema_editor._create_unique_sql( model, fields, self.name, condition=condition, deferrable=self.deferrable, include=include, opclasses=self.opclasses, expressions=expressions, ) def remove_sql(self, model, schema_editor): condition = self._get_condition_sql(model, schema_editor) include = [ model._meta.get_field(field_name).column for field_name in self.include ] expressions = self._get_index_expressions(model, schema_editor) return schema_editor._delete_unique_sql( model, self.name, condition=condition, deferrable=self.deferrable, include=include, opclasses=self.opclasses, expressions=expressions, ) def __repr__(self): return "<%s:%s%s%s%s%s%s%s>" % ( self.__class__.__qualname__, "" if not self.fields else " fields=%s" % repr(self.fields), "" if not self.expressions else " expressions=%s" % repr(self.expressions), " name=%s" % repr(self.name), "" if self.condition is None else " condition=%s" % self.condition, "" if self.deferrable is None else " deferrable=%r" % self.deferrable, "" if not self.include else " include=%s" % repr(self.include), "" if not self.opclasses else " opclasses=%s" % repr(self.opclasses), ) def __eq__(self, other): if isinstance(other, UniqueConstraint): return ( self.name == other.name and self.fields == other.fields and self.condition == other.condition and self.deferrable == other.deferrable and self.include == other.include and self.opclasses == other.opclasses and self.expressions == other.expressions and self.violation_error_message == other.violation_error_message ) return super().__eq__(other) def deconstruct(self): path, args, kwargs = super().deconstruct() if self.fields: kwargs["fields"] = self.fields if self.condition: kwargs["condition"] = self.condition if self.deferrable: kwargs["deferrable"] = self.deferrable if self.include: kwargs["include"] = self.include if self.opclasses: kwargs["opclasses"] = self.opclasses return path, self.expressions, kwargs def validate(self, model, instance, exclude=None, using=DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS): queryset = model._default_manager.using(using) if self.fields: lookup_kwargs = {} for field_name in self.fields: if exclude and field_name in exclude: return field = model._meta.get_field(field_name) lookup_value = getattr(instance, field.attname) if lookup_value is None or ( lookup_value == "" and connections[using].features.interprets_empty_strings_as_nulls ): # A composite constraint containing NULL value cannot cause # a violation since NULL != NULL in SQL. return lookup_kwargs[field.name] = lookup_value queryset = queryset.filter(**lookup_kwargs) else: # Ignore constraints with excluded fields. if exclude: for expression in self.expressions: if hasattr(expression, "flatten"): for expr in expression.flatten(): if isinstance(expr, F) and expr.name in exclude: return elif isinstance(expression, F) and expression.name in exclude: return replacements = { F(field): value for field, value in instance._get_field_value_map( meta=model._meta, exclude=exclude ).items() } expressions = [] for expr in self.expressions: # Ignore ordering. if isinstance(expr, OrderBy): expr = expr.expression expressions.append(Exact(expr, expr.replace_expressions(replacements))) queryset = queryset.filter(*expressions) model_class_pk = instance._get_pk_val(model._meta) if not instance._state.adding and model_class_pk is not None: queryset = queryset.exclude(pk=model_class_pk) if not self.condition: if queryset.exists(): if self.expressions: raise ValidationError(self.get_violation_error_message()) # When fields are defined, use the unique_error_message() for # backward compatibility. for model, constraints in instance.get_constraints(): for constraint in constraints: if constraint is self: raise ValidationError( instance.unique_error_message(model, self.fields) ) else: against = instance._get_field_value_map(meta=model._meta, exclude=exclude) try: if (self.condition & Exists(queryset.filter(self.condition))).check( against, using=using ): raise ValidationError(self.get_violation_error_message()) except FieldError: pass
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