Base views¶
The following three classes provide much of the functionality needed to create Django views. You may think of them as parent views, which can be used by themselves or inherited from. They may not provide all the capabilities required for projects, in which case there are Mixins and Generic class-based views.
Many of Django’s built-in class-based views inherit from other class-based views or various mixins. Because this inheritance chain is very important, the ancestor classes are documented under the section title of Ancestors (MRO). MRO is an acronym for Method Resolution Order.
View
¶
-
class
django.views.generic.base.
View
¶ The master class-based base view. All other class-based views inherit from this base class. It isn’t strictly a generic view and thus can also be imported from
django.views
.Method Flowchart
Example views.py:
from django.http import HttpResponse from django.views import View class MyView(View): def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('Hello, World!')
Example urls.py:
from django.urls import path from myapp.views import MyView urlpatterns = [ path('mine/', MyView.as_view(), name='my-view'), ]
Attributes
-
http_method_names
¶ The list of HTTP method names that this view will accept.
Default:
['get', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'delete', 'head', 'options', 'trace']
Methods
-
classmethod
as_view
(**initkwargs)¶ Returns a callable view that takes a request and returns a response:
response = MyView.as_view()(request)
The returned view has
view_class
andview_initkwargs
attributes.When the view is called during the request/response cycle, the
setup()
method assigns theHttpRequest
to the view’srequest
attribute, and any positional and/or keyword arguments captured from the URL pattern to theargs
andkwargs
attributes, respectively. Thendispatch()
is called.
-
setup
(request, *args, **kwargs)¶ - New in Django 2.2.
Initializes view instance attributes:
self.request
,self.args
, andself.kwargs
prior todispatch()
.Overriding this method allows mixins to setup instance attributes for reuse in child classes. When overriding this method, you must call
super()
.
-
dispatch
(request, *args, **kwargs)¶ The
view
part of the view – the method that accepts arequest
argument plus arguments, and returns a HTTP response.The default implementation will inspect the HTTP method and attempt to delegate to a method that matches the HTTP method; a
GET
will be delegated toget()
, aPOST
topost()
, and so on.By default, a
HEAD
request will be delegated toget()
. If you need to handleHEAD
requests in a different way thanGET
, you can override thehead()
method. See Supporting other HTTP methods for an example.
-
http_method_not_allowed
(request, *args, **kwargs)¶ If the view was called with a HTTP method it doesn’t support, this method is called instead.
The default implementation returns
HttpResponseNotAllowed
with a list of allowed methods in plain text.
-
options
(request, *args, **kwargs)¶ Handles responding to requests for the OPTIONS HTTP verb. Returns a response with the
Allow
header containing a list of the view’s allowed HTTP method names.
-
TemplateView
¶
-
class
django.views.generic.base.
TemplateView
¶ Renders a given template, with the context containing parameters captured in the URL.
Ancestors (MRO)
This view inherits methods and attributes from the following views:
django.views.generic.base.TemplateResponseMixin
django.views.generic.base.ContextMixin
django.views.generic.base.View
Method Flowchart
Example views.py:
from django.views.generic.base import TemplateView from articles.models import Article class HomePageView(TemplateView): template_name = "home.html" def get_context_data(self, **kwargs): context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs) context['latest_articles'] = Article.objects.all()[:5] return context
Example urls.py:
from django.urls import path from myapp.views import HomePageView urlpatterns = [ path('', HomePageView.as_view(), name='home'), ]
Context
- Populated (through
ContextMixin
) with the keyword arguments captured from the URL pattern that served the view. - You can also add context using the
extra_context
keyword argument foras_view()
.
RedirectView
¶
-
class
django.views.generic.base.
RedirectView
¶ Redirects to a given URL.
The given URL may contain dictionary-style string formatting, which will be interpolated against the parameters captured in the URL. Because keyword interpolation is always done (even if no arguments are passed in), any
"%"
characters in the URL must be written as"%%"
so that Python will convert them to a single percent sign on output.If the given URL is
None
, Django will return anHttpResponseGone
(410).Ancestors (MRO)
This view inherits methods and attributes from the following view:
Method Flowchart
Example views.py:
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404 from django.views.generic.base import RedirectView from articles.models import Article class ArticleCounterRedirectView(RedirectView): permanent = False query_string = True pattern_name = 'article-detail' def get_redirect_url(self, *args, **kwargs): article = get_object_or_404(Article, pk=kwargs['pk']) article.update_counter() return super().get_redirect_url(*args, **kwargs)
Example urls.py:
from django.urls import path from django.views.generic.base import RedirectView from article.views import ArticleCounterRedirectView, ArticleDetail urlpatterns = [ path('counter/<int:pk>/', ArticleCounterRedirectView.as_view(), name='article-counter'), path('details/<int:pk>/', ArticleDetail.as_view(), name='article-detail'), path('go-to-django/', RedirectView.as_view(url='https://djangoproject.com'), name='go-to-django'), ]
Attributes
-
url
¶ The URL to redirect to, as a string. Or
None
to raise a 410 (Gone) HTTP error.
-
pattern_name
¶ The name of the URL pattern to redirect to. Reversing will be done using the same args and kwargs as are passed in for this view.
-
permanent
¶ Whether the redirect should be permanent. The only difference here is the HTTP status code returned. If
True
, then the redirect will use status code 301. IfFalse
, then the redirect will use status code 302. By default,permanent
isFalse
.
-
query_string
¶ Whether to pass along the GET query string to the new location. If
True
, then the query string is appended to the URL. IfFalse
, then the query string is discarded. By default,query_string
isFalse
.
Methods
-
get_redirect_url
(*args, **kwargs)¶ Constructs the target URL for redirection.
The default implementation uses
url
as a starting string and performs expansion of%
named parameters in that string using the named groups captured in the URL.If
url
is not set,get_redirect_url()
tries to reverse thepattern_name
using what was captured in the URL (both named and unnamed groups are used).If requested by
query_string
, it will also append the query string to the generated URL. Subclasses may implement any behavior they wish, as long as the method returns a redirect-ready URL string.
-