Pemasangan GeoDjango

Ikhtisar

Secara umum, pemasangan GeoDjango membutuhkan:

  1. Python dan Django
  2. Basisdata spasial
  3. Memasang pustaka Geospatial

Rincian untuk setiap dari persyaratan dan petunjuk pemasangan disediakan di bagian dibawah. Sebagai tambahan, petunjuk khusus-serambi tersedia untuk:

Gunakan Sumber

Karena GeoDjango mengambil keuntungan dari terkahir di teknologi perangkat lunak geospasial sumber terbuka, versi terakhir dari pustaka dibutuhkan. Jika paket biner tidak tersedia di serambi anda, pemasangan dari sumber mungkin dibutuhkan. Ketika menyusun pustaka dari sumber, harap ikuti petunjuk dengan teliti, khususnya jika anda adalah seorang pemula.

Persyaratan

Python dan Django

Because GeoDjango is included with Django, please refer to Django's installation instructions for details on how to install.

Basisdata spasial

PostgreSQL (with PostGIS), MySQL (mostly with MyISAM engine), Oracle, and SQLite (with SpatiaLite) are the spatial databases currently supported.

Catatan

PostGIS is recommended, because it is the most mature and feature-rich open source spatial database.

The geospatial libraries required for a GeoDjango installation depends on the spatial database used. The following lists the library requirements, supported versions, and any notes for each of the supported database backends:

Basisdata Persyaratan Pustaka Versi Didukung Catatan
PostgreSQL GEOS, GDAL, PROJ.4, PostGIS 9.3+ Membutuhkan PostGIS.
MySQL GEOS, GDAL 5.5+ Not OGC-compliant; limited functionality.
Oracle GEOS, GDAL 11.2+ XE tidak didukung.
SQLite GEOS, GDAL, PROJ.4, SpatiaLite 3.6.+ Requires SpatiaLite 4.0+, pysqlite2 2.5+

Lihat juga `this comparison matrix`__ pada Wiki OSGeo untuk PostgreSQL/PostGIS/GEOS/GDAL kemungkinan perpaduan.

Pemasangan

Pustaka geospasial

Tambah django.contrib.gis ke INSTALLED_APPS

Like other Django contrib applications, you will only need to add django.contrib.gis to INSTALLED_APPS in your settings. This is so that the gis templates can be located -- if not done, then features such as the geographic admin or KML sitemaps will not function properly.

Menyelesaikan masalah

Jika anda tidak dapat menemukan pemecahan padamasalah anda disini lalu ikut serta di komunitas! Anda dapat:

  • Join the #geodjango IRC channel on Freenode. Please be patient and polite -- while you may not get an immediate response, someone will attempt to answer your question as soon as they see it.
  • Tanyakan pertanyaan anda pada daftar penyuratan `GeoDjango`__.
  • Arsipkan sebuah tiket pada `Django trac`__ jika anda beripikir ada kesalahan. Pastikan anda menyediakan gambaran lenglap dari masalah, versi yang digunakan, dan tentukan komponen sebagai "GIS".

Pustaka pengaturan lingkungan

By far, the most common problem when installing GeoDjango is that the external shared libraries (e.g., for GEOS and GDAL) cannot be located. [1] Typically, the cause of this problem is that the operating system isn't aware of the directory where the libraries built from source were installed.

In general, the library path may be set on a per-user basis by setting an environment variable, or by configuring the library path for the entire system.

Variabel lingkungan LD_LIBRARY_PATH

A user may set this environment variable to customize the library paths they want to use. The typical library directory for software built from source is /usr/local/lib. Thus, /usr/local/lib needs to be included in the LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable. For example, the user could place the following in their bash profile:

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib

Menyetel jalur pustakan sistem

On GNU/Linux systems, there is typically a file in /etc/ld.so.conf, which may include additional paths from files in another directory, such as /etc/ld.so.conf.d. As the root user, add the custom library path (like /usr/local/lib) on a new line in ld.so.conf. This is one example of how to do so:

$ sudo echo /usr/local/lib >> /etc/ld.so.conf
$ sudo ldconfig

For OpenSolaris users, the system library path may be modified using the crle utility. Run crle with no options to see the current configuration and use crle -l to set with the new library path. Be very careful when modifying the system library path:

# crle -l $OLD_PATH:/usr/local/lib

Pasang binutils

GeoDjango uses the find_library function (from the ctypes.util Python module) to discover libraries. The find_library routine uses a program called objdump (part of the binutils package) to verify a shared library on GNU/Linux systems. Thus, if binutils is not installed on your Linux system then Python's ctypes may not be able to find your library even if your library path is set correctly and geospatial libraries were built perfectly.

The binutils package may be installed on Debian and Ubuntu systems using the following command:

$ sudo apt-get install binutils

Mirip, pada sistem Red Hat dan CentOS:

$ sudo yum install binutils

Petunjuk khusus-serambi

macOS

Because of the variety of packaging systems available for macOS, users have several different options for installing GeoDjango. These options are:

This section also includes instructions for installing an upgraded version of Python from packages provided by the Python Software Foundation, however, this is not required.

Python

Although macOS comes with Python installed, users can use `framework installers`__ provided by the Python Software Foundation. An advantage to using the installer is that macOS's Python will remain "pristine" for internal operating system use.

Catatan

You will need to modify the PATH environment variable in your .profile file so that the new version of Python is used when python is entered at the command-line:

export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin:$PATH

Postgres.app

Postgres.app is a standalone PostgreSQL server that includes the PostGIS extension. You will also need to install gdal and libgeoip with Homebrew.

Setelah memasang Postgres.app, tambah berikut ke .bash_profile anda sehingga anda dapat menjalankan progam paket dari baris-perintah. Ganti X.Y dengan versi PostgreSQL di Postgres.app anda pasang:

export PATH=$PATH:/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/X.Y/bin

Anda dapat memeriksa jalur disetel dengan benar dengan mengetik which psql pada terminal prompt.

Homebrew

`Homebrew`__ provides "recipes" for building binaries and packages from source. It provides recipes for the GeoDjango prerequisites on Macintosh computers running macOS. Because Homebrew still builds the software from source, Xcode is required.

Ringkasan:

$ brew install postgresql
$ brew install postgis
$ brew install gdal
$ brew install libgeoip

Paket KyngChaos

William Kyngesburye provides a number of `geospatial library binary packages`__ that make it simple to get GeoDjango installed on macOS without compiling them from source. However, Xcode is still necessary for compiling the Python database adapters psycopg2 (for PostGIS) and pysqlite2 (for SpatiaLite).

Catatan

SpatiaLite users should consult the Petunjuk-petunjuk khusus-macOS section after installing the packages for additional instructions.

Unduh paket kerangka untuk:

  • UnixImageIO
  • PROJ
  • GEOS
  • SQLite3 (menyertakan pustaka SpatiaLite)
  • GDAL

Memasang paket-paket di urutan mereka terdaftar diatas, seperti paket GDAL dan SQLite membutuhkan paket-paket terdaftar sebelum mereka.

Setelah itu, anda dapat juga memasang paket biner KyngChaos untuk PostgreSQL and PostGIS`__.

After installing the binary packages, you'll want to add the following to your .profile to be able to run the package programs from the command-line:

export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/UnixImageIO.framework/Programs:$PATH
export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/PROJ.framework/Programs:$PATH
export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/GEOS.framework/Programs:$PATH
export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/SQLite3.framework/Programs:$PATH
export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/GDAL.framework/Programs:$PATH
export PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/bin:$PATH
psycopg2

After you've installed the KyngChaos binaries and modified your PATH, as described above, psycopg2 may be installed using the following command:

$ pip install psycopg2

Catatan

If you don't have pip, follow the installation instructions to install it.

Fink

`Kurt Schwehr`__ has been gracious enough to create GeoDjango packages for users of the `Fink`__ package system. `Different packages are available`__ (starting with django-gis), depending on which version of Python you want to use.

MacPorts

`MacPorts`__ may be used to install GeoDjango prerequisites on computers running macOS. Because MacPorts still builds the software from source, Xcode is required.

Ringkasan:

$ sudo port install postgresql93-server
$ sudo port install geos
$ sudo port install proj
$ sudo port install postgis
$ sudo port install gdal +geos
$ sudo port install libgeoip

Catatan

You will also have to modify the PATH in your .profile so that the MacPorts programs are accessible from the command-line:

export PATH=/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/lib/postgresql93/bin

In addition, add the DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH setting so that the libraries can be found by Python:

export DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/local/lib:/opt/local/lib/postgresql93

Windows

Proceed through the following sections sequentially in order to install GeoDjango on Windows.

PostgreSQL

Pertama, unduh `PostgreSQL 9.x installer`__ terakhir dari situs jaringan `EnterpriseDB`__. Setelah mengunduh, cukup jalankan pemasang, ikuti arahan layar, dan jaga pilihan awal kecuali kalau anda mengetahui konsekuensi merubah mereka.

Catatan

Pemasang PostgreSQL membuat kedua pengguna Windows baru menjadi 'postgres service account' dan superuser basisdata postgres. Anda akan diarahkan sekali untuk menyetel sandi untuk kedua akun -- pastikan untuk mengingatnya!

Ketika pemasang lengkap, dia akan menanyakan untuk meluncurkan Application Stack Builder (ASB) pada keluar -- jaga ini tercentang, seperti dia diperlukan untuk memasang install PostGIS.

Catatan

Jika berhasil terpasang, peladen PostgreSQL akan berjalan dalam latar belakang setiap kali sistem dimulai sebagai layanan Window. Sebuah kelompok menu mulai PostgreSQL 9.x akan dibuat dan mengandung jalan pintas untuk ASB dan juga 'SQL Shell', yang akan meluncurkan jendela perintah psql.

PostGIS

From within the Application Stack Builder (to run outside of the installer, Start ‣ Programs ‣ PostgreSQL 9.x), select PostgreSQL Database Server 9.x on port 5432 from the drop down menu. Next, expand the Categories ‣ Spatial Extensions menu tree and select PostGIS X.Y for PostgreSQL 9.x.

After clicking next, you will be prompted to select your mirror, PostGIS will be downloaded, and the PostGIS installer will begin. Select only the default options during install (e.g., do not uncheck the option to create a default PostGIS database).

Catatan

You will be prompted to enter your postgres database superuser password in the 'Database Connection Information' dialog.

psycopg2

The psycopg2 Python module provides the interface between Python and the PostgreSQL database. Download the latest `Windows installer`__ for your version of Python and PostgreSQL and run using the default settings. [2]

OSGeo4W

The OSGeo4W installer makes it simple to install the PROJ.4, GDAL, and GEOS libraries required by GeoDjango. First, download the OSGeo4W installer, and run it. Select Express Web-GIS Install and click next. In the 'Select Packages' list, ensure that GDAL is selected; MapServer and Apache are also enabled by default, but are not required by GeoDjango and may be unchecked safely. After clicking next, the packages will be automatically downloaded and installed, after which you may exit the installer.

Merubah lingkungan Windows

In order to use GeoDjango, you will need to add your Python and OSGeo4W directories to your Windows system Path, as well as create GDAL_DATA and PROJ_LIB environment variables. The following set of commands, executable with cmd.exe, will set this up:

set OSGEO4W_ROOT=C:\OSGeo4W
set PYTHON_ROOT=C:\Python27
set GDAL_DATA=%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\share\gdal
set PROJ_LIB=%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\share\proj
set PATH=%PATH%;%PYTHON_ROOT%;%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\bin
reg ADD "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v Path /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /f /d "%PATH%"
reg ADD "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v GDAL_DATA /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /f /d "%GDAL_DATA%"
reg ADD "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v PROJ_LIB /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /f /d "%PROJ_LIB%"

For your convenience, these commands are available in the executable batch script, geodjango_setup.bat.

Catatan

Administrator privileges are required to execute these commands. To do this, right-click on geodjango_setup.bat and select Run as administrator. You need to log out and log back in again for the settings to take effect.

Catatan

If you customized the Python or OSGeo4W installation directories, then you will need to modify the OSGEO4W_ROOT and/or PYTHON_ROOT variables accordingly.

Pasang Django dan setel basisdata

Akhirnya, pasang Django di sistem anda.

Catatan kaki

[1]GeoDjango menggunakan rutin find_library() dari ctypes.util untuk menempatkan pustaka dibagi.
[2]Pemasang Windows``psycopg2`` dipanketkan dan dirawat oleh Jason Erickson.