GEOS stands for Geometry Engine - Open Source, and is a C++ library, ported from the Java Topology Suite. GEOS implements the OpenGIS Simple Features for SQL spatial predicate functions and spatial operators. GEOS, now an OSGeo project, was initially developed and maintained by Refractions Research of Victoria, Canada.
GeoDjango menerapkan pembungkus Python tingkat-tinggi untuk pustaka GEOS, fitur-fiturnya termasuk:
ctypes
.GEOSGeometry
objects
may be used outside of a Django project/application. In other words,
no need to have DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE
set or use a database, etc.GEOSGeometry
mungkin dirubah.Bagian ini mengandung perkenalan singkat dan tutorial menggunakan obyek GEOSGeometry
.
GEOSGeometry
objects may be created in a few ways. The first is
to simply instantiate the object on some spatial input -- the following
are examples of creating the same geometry from WKT, HEX, WKB, and GeoJSON:
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import GEOSGeometry
>>> pnt = GEOSGeometry('POINT(5 23)') # WKT
>>> pnt = GEOSGeometry('010100000000000000000014400000000000003740') # HEX
>>> pnt = GEOSGeometry(buffer('\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x14@\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x007@'))
>>> pnt = GEOSGeometry('{ "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 5.000000, 23.000000 ] }') # GeoJSON
Another option is to use the constructor for the specific geometry type
that you wish to create. For example, a Point
object may be
created by passing in the X and Y coordinates into its constructor:
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import Point
>>> pnt = Point(5, 23)
All these constructors take the keyword argument srid
. For example:
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import GEOSGeometry, LineString, Point
>>> print(GEOSGeometry('POINT (0 0)', srid=4326))
SRID=4326;POINT (0 0)
>>> print(LineString((0, 0), (1, 1), srid=4326))
SRID=4326;LINESTRING (0 0, 1 1)
>>> print(Point(0, 0, srid=32140))
SRID=32140;POINT (0 0)
Finally, there is the fromfile()
factory method which returns a
GEOSGeometry
object from a file:
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import fromfile
>>> pnt = fromfile('/path/to/pnt.wkt')
>>> pnt = fromfile(open('/path/to/pnt.wkt'))
GEOSGeometry
objects are 'Pythonic', in other words components may
be accessed, modified, and iterated over using standard Python conventions.
For example, you can iterate over the coordinates in a Point
:
>>> pnt = Point(5, 23)
>>> [coord for coord in pnt]
[5.0, 23.0]
With any geometry object, the GEOSGeometry.coords
property
may be used to get the geometry coordinates as a Python tuple:
>>> pnt.coords
(5.0, 23.0)
You can get/set geometry components using standard Python indexing
techniques. However, what is returned depends on the geometry type
of the object. For example, indexing on a LineString
returns a coordinate tuple:
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import LineString
>>> line = LineString((0, 0), (0, 50), (50, 50), (50, 0), (0, 0))
>>> line[0]
(0.0, 0.0)
>>> line[-2]
(50.0, 0.0)
Whereas indexing on a Polygon
will return the ring
(a LinearRing
object) corresponding to the index:
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import Polygon
>>> poly = Polygon( ((0.0, 0.0), (0.0, 50.0), (50.0, 50.0), (50.0, 0.0), (0.0, 0.0)) )
>>> poly[0]
<LinearRing object at 0x1044395b0>
>>> poly[0][-2] # second-to-last coordinate of external ring
(50.0, 0.0)
In addition, coordinates/components of the geometry may added or modified, just like a Python list:
>>> line[0] = (1.0, 1.0)
>>> line.pop()
(0.0, 0.0)
>>> line.append((1.0, 1.0))
>>> line.coords
((1.0, 1.0), (0.0, 50.0), (50.0, 50.0), (50.0, 0.0), (1.0, 1.0))
Geometries support set-like operators:
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import LineString
>>> ls1 = LineString((0, 0), (2, 2))
>>> ls2 = LineString((1, 1), (3, 3))
>>> print(ls1 | ls2) # equivalent to `ls1.union(ls2)`
MULTILINESTRING ((0 0, 1 1), (1 1, 2 2), (2 2, 3 3))
>>> print(ls1 & ls2) # equivalent to `ls1.intersection(ls2)`
LINESTRING (1 1, 2 2)
>>> print(ls1 - ls2) # equivalent to `ls1.difference(ls2)`
LINESTRING(0 0, 1 1)
>>> print(ls1 ^ ls2) # equivalent to `ls1.sym_difference(ls2)`
MULTILINESTRING ((0 0, 1 1), (2 2, 3 3))
Equality operator doesn't check spatial equality
The GEOSGeometry
equality operator uses
equals_exact()
, not equals()
, i.e.
it requires the compared geometries to have the same coordinates in the
same positions with the same SRIDs:
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import LineString
>>> ls1 = LineString((0, 0), (1, 1))
>>> ls2 = LineString((1, 1), (0, 0))
>>> ls3 = LineString((1, 1), (0, 0), srid=4326)
>>> ls1.equals(ls2)
True
>>> ls1 == ls2
False
>>> ls3 == ls2 # different SRIDs
False
Older versions didn't check the srid
when comparing
GEOSGeometry
objects using the equality operator.
GEOSGeometry
¶GEOSGeometry
(geo_input, srid=None)¶Parameter: |
|
---|
This is the base class for all GEOS geometry objects. It initializes on the
given geo_input
argument, and then assumes the proper geometry subclass
(e.g., GEOSGeometry('POINT(1 1)')
will create a Point
object).
The following input formats, along with their corresponding Python types, are accepted:
Bentuk | Jenis Masukan |
---|---|
WKT / EWKT | str atau unicode |
HEX / HEXEWKB | str atau unicode |
WKB / EWKB | buffer |
GeoJSON | str atau unicode |
GEOSGeometry.
from_gml
(gml_string)¶Constructs a GEOSGeometry
from the given GML string.
GEOSGeometry.
coords
¶Mengembalikan kordinat dari geometri sebagai tuple.
GEOSGeometry.
dims
¶Mengembalikan dimensi dari geometri:
0
untuk Point
dan MultiPoint
1
untuk LineString
dan MultiLineString
2
untuk Polygon
dan MultiPolygon
-1
untuk GeometryCollection
kosongGeometryCollection
sGEOSGeometry.
empty
¶Returns whether or not the set of points in the geometry is empty.
GEOSGeometry.
geom_type
¶Returns a string corresponding to the type of geometry. For example:
>>> pnt = GEOSGeometry('POINT(5 23)')
>>> pnt.geom_type
'Point'
GEOSGeometry.
geom_typeid
¶Returns the GEOS geometry type identification number. The following table shows the value for each geometry type:
Geometri | ID |
---|---|
Point |
0 |
LineString |
1 |
LinearRing |
2 |
Polygon |
3 |
MultiPoint |
4 |
MultiLineString |
5 |
MultiPolygon |
6 |
GeometryCollection |
7 |
GEOSGeometry.
num_coords
¶Mengembalikan angka dari kordinat di geometri.
GEOSGeometry.
num_geom
¶Returns the number of geometries in this geometry. In other words, will return 1 on anything but geometry collections.
GEOSGeometry.
hasz
¶Returns a boolean indicating whether the geometry is three-dimensional.
GEOSGeometry.
ring
¶Returns a boolean indicating whether the geometry is a LinearRing
.
GEOSGeometry.
simple
¶Returns a boolean indicating whether the geometry is 'simple'. A geometry
is simple if and only if it does not intersect itself (except at boundary
points). For example, a LineString
object is not simple if it
intersects itself. Thus, LinearRing
and Polygon
objects
are always simple because they do cannot intersect themselves, by
definition.
GEOSGeometry.
valid
¶Returns a boolean indicating whether the geometry is valid.
GEOSGeometry.
valid_reason
¶Mengembalikan deretan kalimat menggambarkan alasan mengapa geometri sah.
GEOSGeometry.
srid
¶Property that may be used to retrieve or set the SRID associated with the geometry. For example:
>>> pnt = Point(5, 23)
>>> print(pnt.srid)
None
>>> pnt.srid = 4326
>>> pnt.srid
4326
The properties in this section export the GEOSGeometry
object into
a different. This output may be in the form of a string, buffer, or even
another object.
GEOSGeometry.
ewkt
¶Returns the "extended" Well-Known Text of the geometry. This representation
is specific to PostGIS and is a superset of the OGC WKT standard. [1]
Essentially the SRID is prepended to the WKT representation, for example
SRID=4326;POINT(5 23)
.
Catatan
The output from this property does not include the 3dm, 3dz, and 4d information that PostGIS supports in its EWKT representations.
GEOSGeometry.
hex
¶Returns the WKB of this Geometry in hexadecimal form. Please note
that the SRID value is not included in this representation
because it is not a part of the OGC specification (use the
GEOSGeometry.hexewkb
property instead).
GEOSGeometry.
hexewkb
¶Returns the EWKB of this Geometry in hexadecimal form. This is an extension of the WKB specification that includes the SRID value that are a part of this geometry.
GEOSGeometry.
json
¶Returns the GeoJSON representation of the geometry. Note that the result is
not a complete GeoJSON structure but only the geometry
key content of a
GeoJSON structure. See also Penserial GeoJSON.
GEOSGeometry.
geojson
¶Nama lain dari GEOSGeometry.json
.
GEOSGeometry.
kml
¶Returns a KML (Keyhole Markup Language) representation of the geometry. This should only be used for geometries with an SRID of 4326 (WGS84), but this restriction is not enforced.
GEOSGeometry.
ogr
¶Mengembalikan obyek OGRGeometry
terkait pada permintaan pada geometri GEOS.
GEOSGeometry.
wkb
¶Returns the WKB (Well-Known Binary) representation of this Geometry
as a Python buffer. SRID value is not included, use the
GEOSGeometry.ewkb
property instead.
GEOSGeometry.
ewkb
¶Return the EWKB representation of this Geometry as a Python buffer. This is an extension of the WKB specification that includes any SRID value that are a part of this geometry.
GEOSGeometry.
wkt
¶Returns the Well-Known Text of the geometry (an OGC standard).
Non-significant zeros are stripped from the output.
All of the following spatial predicate methods take another
GEOSGeometry
instance (other
) as a parameter, and
return a boolean.
GEOSGeometry.
contains
(other)¶Returns True
if other.within(this)
returns
True
.
GEOSGeometry.
covers
(other)¶Mengembalikan True
jika geometri mencangkup geometri tertentu.
The covers
predicate has the following equivalent definitions:
T*****FF*
, *T****FF*
, ***T**FF*
, or ****T*FF*
.Jika salah satu geometri adalah kosong, kembalikan False
.
This predicate is similar to GEOSGeometry.contains()
, but is more
inclusive (i.e. returns True
for more cases). In particular, unlike
contains()
it does not distinguish between points in the
boundary and in the interior of geometries. For most situations,
covers()
should be preferred to contains()
. As an
added benefit, covers()
is more amenable to optimization and hence
should outperform contains()
.
GEOSGeometry.
crosses
(other)¶Returns True
if the DE-9IM intersection matrix for the two Geometries
is T*T******
(for a point and a curve,a point and an area or a line
and an area) 0********
(for two curves).
GEOSGeometry.
disjoint
(other)¶Returns True
if the DE-9IM intersection matrix for the two geometries
is FF*FF****
.
GEOSGeometry.
equals
(other)¶Returns True
if the DE-9IM intersection matrix for the two geometries
is T*F**FFF*
.
GEOSGeometry.
equals_exact
(other, tolerance=0)¶Returns true if the two geometries are exactly equal, up to a
specified tolerance. The tolerance
value should be a floating
point number representing the error tolerance in the comparison, e.g.,
poly1.equals_exact(poly2, 0.001)
will compare equality to within
one thousandth of a unit.
GEOSGeometry.
intersects
(other)¶Mengembalikan True
jika GEOSGeometry.disjoint()
adalah False
.
GEOSGeometry.
overlaps
(other)¶Returns true if the DE-9IM intersection matrix for the two geometries
is T*T***T**
(for two points or two surfaces) 1*T***T**
(for two curves).
GEOSGeometry.
relate_pattern
(other, pattern)¶Returns True
if the elements in the DE-9IM intersection matrix
for this geometry and the other matches the given pattern
--
a string of nine characters from the alphabet: {T
, F
, *
, 0
}.
GEOSGeometry.
touches
(other)¶Returns True
if the DE-9IM intersection matrix for the two geometries
is FT*******
, F**T*****
or F***T****
.
GEOSGeometry.
within
(other)¶Returns True
if the DE-9IM intersection matrix for the two geometries
is T*F**F***
.
GEOSGeometry.
buffer
(width, quadsegs=8)¶Returns a GEOSGeometry
that represents all points whose distance
from this geometry is less than or equal to the given width
. The
optional quadsegs
keyword sets the number of segments used to
approximate a quarter circle (defaults is 8).
GEOSGeometry.
difference
(other)¶Returns a GEOSGeometry
representing the points making up this
geometry that do not make up other.
GEOSGeometry.
interpolate
(distance)¶GEOSGeometry.
interpolate_normalized
(distance)¶Given a distance (float), returns the point (or closest point) within the
geometry (LineString
or MultiLineString
) at that distance.
The normalized version takes the distance as a float between 0 (origin) and
1 (endpoint).
Membalikkan dari GEOSGeometry.project()
.
GEOSGeometry.
intersection
(other)¶Returns a GEOSGeometry
representing the points shared by this
geometry and other.
GEOSGeometry.
project
(point)¶GEOSGeometry.
project_normalized
(point)¶Returns the distance (float) from the origin of the geometry
(LineString
or MultiLineString
) to the point projected on
the geometry (that is to a point of the line the closest to the given
point). The normalized version returns the distance as a float between 0
(origin) and 1 (endpoint).
Membalikkan dari GEOSGeometry.interpolate()
.
GEOSGeometry.
relate
(other)¶Returns the DE-9IM intersection matrix (a string) representing the topological relationship between this geometry and the other.
GEOSGeometry.
simplify
(tolerance=0.0, preserve_topology=False)¶Returns a new GEOSGeometry
, simplified to the specified tolerance
using the Douglas-Peucker algorithm. A higher tolerance value implies
fewer points in the output. If no tolerance is provided, it defaults to 0.
By default, this function does not preserve topology. For example,
Polygon
objects can be split, be collapsed into lines, or
disappear. Polygon
holes can be created or disappear, and lines may
cross. By specifying preserve_topology=True
, the result will have the
same dimension and number of components as the input; this is significantly
slower, however.
GEOSGeometry.
sym_difference
(other)¶Returns a GEOSGeometry
combining the points in this geometry
not in other, and the points in other not in this geometry.
GEOSGeometry.
union
(other)¶Returns a GEOSGeometry
representing all the points in this
geometry and the other.
GEOSGeometry.
boundary
¶Returns the boundary as a newly allocated Geometry object.
GEOSGeometry.
centroid
¶Returns a Point
object representing the geometric center of
the geometry. The point is not guaranteed to be on the interior
of the geometry.
GEOSGeometry.
convex_hull
¶Returns the smallest Polygon
that contains all the points in
the geometry.
GEOSGeometry.
envelope
¶Returns a Polygon
that represents the bounding envelope of
this geometry. Note that it can also return a Point
if the input
geometry is a point.
GEOSGeometry.
point_on_surface
¶Computes and returns a Point
guaranteed to be on the interior
of this geometry.
GEOSGeometry.
unary_union
¶Computes the union of all the elements of this geometry.
The result obeys the following contract:
LineString
s has the effect of fully noding and
dissolving the linework.Polygon
s will always return a Polygon
or MultiPolygon
geometry (unlike GEOSGeometry.union()
,
which may return geometries of lower dimension if a topology collapse
occurs).GEOSGeometry.
area
¶This property returns the area of the Geometry.
GEOSGeometry.
extent
¶This property returns the extent of this geometry as a 4-tuple,
consisting of (xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax)
.
GEOSGeometry.
clone
()¶This method returns a GEOSGeometry
that is a clone of the original.
GEOSGeometry.
distance
(geom)¶Returns the distance between the closest points on this geometry and the
given geom
(another GEOSGeometry
object).
Catatan
GEOS distance calculations are linear -- in other words, GEOS does not perform a spherical calculation even if the SRID specifies a geographic coordinate system.
GEOSGeometry.
length
¶Returns the length of this geometry (e.g., 0 for a Point
,
the length of a LineString
, or the circumference of
a Polygon
).
GEOSGeometry.
prepared
¶Returns a GEOS PreparedGeometry
for the contents of this geometry.
PreparedGeometry
objects are optimized for the contains, intersects,
covers, crosses, disjoint, overlaps, touches and within operations. Refer to
the Prepared Geometry documentation for more information.
GEOSGeometry.
srs
¶Returns a SpatialReference
object
corresponding to the SRID of the geometry or None
.
GEOSGeometry.
transform
(ct, clone=False)¶Transforms the geometry according to the given coordinate transformation
parameter (ct
), which may be an integer SRID, spatial reference WKT
string, a PROJ.4 string, a
SpatialReference
object, or a
CoordTransform
object. By default, the
geometry is transformed in-place and nothing is returned. However if the
clone
keyword is set, then the geometry is not modified and a
transformed clone of the geometry is returned instead.
Catatan
Raises GEOSException
if GDAL is not
available or if the geometry's SRID is None
or less than 0. It
doesn't impose any constraints on the geometry's SRID if called with a
CoordTransform
object.
In previous versions, it required the geometry's SRID to be a
positive integer even if it was called with a
CoordTransform
object.
GEOSGeometry.
normalize
()¶Converts this geometry to canonical form:
>>> g = MultiPoint(Point(0, 0), Point(2, 2), Point(1, 1))
>>> print(g)
MULTIPOINT (0 0, 2 2, 1 1)
>>> g.normalize()
>>> print(g)
MULTIPOINT (2 2, 1 1, 0 0)
Point
¶Point
(x=None, y=None, z=None, srid=None)¶Point
objects are instantiated using arguments that represent the
component coordinates of the point or with a single sequence coordinates.
For example, the following are equivalent:
>>> pnt = Point(5, 23)
>>> pnt = Point([5, 23])
Empty Point
objects may be instantiated by passing no arguments or an
empty sequence. The following are equivalent:
>>> pnt = Point()
>>> pnt = Point([])
Di versi sebelumnya, sebuah Point
kosong tidak dapat diinstasiasikan.
LineString
¶LineString
(*args, **kwargs)¶LineString
objects are instantiated using arguments that are either a
sequence of coordinates or Point
objects. For example, the
following are equivalent:
>>> ls = LineString((0, 0), (1, 1))
>>> ls = LineString(Point(0, 0), Point(1, 1))
In addition, LineString
objects may also be created by passing in a
single sequence of coordinate or Point
objects:
>>> ls = LineString( ((0, 0), (1, 1)) )
>>> ls = LineString( [Point(0, 0), Point(1, 1)] )
Empty LineString
objects may be instantiated by passing no arguments
or an empty sequence. The following are equivalent:
>>> ls = LineString()
>>> ls = LineString([])
Di versi sebelumnya, sebuah LineString
kosong tidak dapat diinstasiasikan.
closed
¶Mengembalikan apakah atau tidak LineString
ini ditutup.
LinearRing
¶LinearRing
(*args, **kwargs)¶LinearRing
objects are constructed in the exact same way as
LineString
objects, however the coordinates must be closed, in
other words, the first coordinates must be the same as the last
coordinates. For example:
>>> ls = LinearRing((0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (0, 0))
Perhatikan bahwa (0, 0)
adalah kordinat pertama dan terakhir -- jika mereka tidak setara, sebuah kesalahan akan dimunculkan.
Polygon
¶Polygon
(*args, **kwargs)¶Polygon
objects may be instantiated by passing in parameters that
represent the rings of the polygon. The parameters must either be
LinearRing
instances, or a sequence that may be used to construct a
LinearRing
:
>>> ext_coords = ((0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, 0), (0, 0))
>>> int_coords = ((0.4, 0.4), (0.4, 0.6), (0.6, 0.6), (0.6, 0.4), (0.4, 0.4))
>>> poly = Polygon(ext_coords, int_coords)
>>> poly = Polygon(LinearRing(ext_coords), LinearRing(int_coords))
Di versi sebelumnya, sebuah Polygon
kosong tidak dapat diinstasiasikan.
from_bbox
(bbox)¶Mengembalikan sebuah obyek poligon dari kotak-dikelilingi diberikan, 4-tuple meliputi (xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax)
.
num_interior_rings
¶Mengembalikan sejumlah lingkaran interior di geometri ini.
Membandingkan Polygon
Note that it is possible to compare Polygon
objects directly with <
or >
, but as the comparison is made through Polygon's
LineString
, it does not mean much (but is consistent and quick).
You can always force the comparison with the area
property:
>>> if poly_1.area > poly_2.area:
>>> pass
MultiPoint
¶MultiPoint
(*args, **kwargs)¶MultiPoint
objects may be instantiated by passing in Point
objects as arguments, or a single sequence of Point
objects:
>>> mp = MultiPoint(Point(0, 0), Point(1, 1))
>>> mp = MultiPoint( (Point(0, 0), Point(1, 1)) )
Di versi sebelumnya, sebuah MultiPoint
kosong tidak dapat diinstasiasikan.
MultiLineString
¶MultiLineString
(*args, **kwargs)¶MultiLineString
objects may be instantiated by passing in
LineString
objects as arguments, or a single sequence of
LineString
objects:
>>> ls1 = LineString((0, 0), (1, 1))
>>> ls2 = LineString((2, 2), (3, 3))
>>> mls = MultiLineString(ls1, ls2)
>>> mls = MultiLineString([ls1, ls2])
Di versi sebelumnya, sebuah MultiLineString
kosong tidak dapat diinstasiasikan.
merged
¶Mengembalikan sebuah LineString
mewakili baris menggabungkan semua komponen di MultiLineString
ini.
closed
¶Mengembalikan True
jika dan hanya jika semua unsur ditutup. Membutuhkan GEOS 3.5.
MultiPolygon
¶MultiPolygon
(*args, **kwargs)¶MultiPolygon
objects may be instantiated by passing Polygon
objects as arguments, or a single sequence of Polygon
objects:
>>> p1 = Polygon( ((0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (0, 0)) )
>>> p2 = Polygon( ((1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 2), (1, 1)) )
>>> mp = MultiPolygon(p1, p2)
>>> mp = MultiPolygon([p1, p2])
Di versi sebelumnya, sebuah MultiPolygon
kosong tidak dapat diinstasiasikan.
cascaded_union
¶Ditinggalkan sejak versi 1.10: Gunakan sifat GEOSGeometry.unary_union
sebagai gantinya.
Returns a Polygon
that is the union of all of the component
polygons in this collection. The algorithm employed is significantly
more efficient (faster) than trying to union the geometries together
individually. [2]
GeometryCollection
¶GeometryCollection
(*args, **kwargs)¶GeometryCollection
objects may be instantiated by passing in other
GEOSGeometry
as arguments, or a single sequence of
GEOSGeometry
objects:
>>> poly = Polygon( ((0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (0, 0)) )
>>> gc = GeometryCollection(Point(0, 0), MultiPoint(Point(0, 0), Point(1, 1)), poly)
>>> gc = GeometryCollection((Point(0, 0), MultiPoint(Point(0, 0), Point(1, 1)), poly))
Di versi sebelumnya, sebuah GeometryCollection
kosong tidak dapat diinstasiasikan.
In order to obtain a prepared geometry, just access the
GEOSGeometry.prepared
property. Once you have a
PreparedGeometry
instance its spatial predicate methods, listed below,
may be used with other GEOSGeometry
objects. An operation with a prepared
geometry can be orders of magnitude faster -- the more complex the geometry
that is prepared, the larger the speedup in the operation. For more information,
please consult the GEOS wiki page on prepared geometries.
Sebagai contoh:
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import Point, Polygon
>>> poly = Polygon.from_bbox((0, 0, 5, 5))
>>> prep_poly = poly.prepared
>>> prep_poly.contains(Point(2.5, 2.5))
True
PreparedGeometry
¶fromfile
(file_h)¶Parameter: | file_h (a Python file object or a string path to the file) -- masukan berkas yang mengandung data spasial |
---|---|
Jenis Kembalian: | |
GEOSGeometry berhubungan ke data spasial dalam berkas |
Contoh:
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import fromfile
>>> g = fromfile('/home/bob/geom.wkt')
fromstr
(string, srid=None)¶Parameter: | |
---|---|
Jenis Kembalian: | |
|
fromstr(string, srid)
setara dengan GEOSGeometry(string, srid)
.
Contoh:
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import fromstr
>>> pnt = fromstr('POINT(-90.5 29.5)', srid=4326)
The reader I/O classes simply return a GEOSGeometry
instance from the
WKB and/or WKT input given to their read(geom)
method.
WKBReader
¶Contoh:
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import WKBReader
>>> wkb_r = WKBReader()
>>> wkb_r.read('0101000000000000000000F03F000000000000F03F')
<Point object at 0x103a88910>
WKTReader
¶Contoh:
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import WKTReader
>>> wkt_r = WKTReader()
>>> wkt_r.read('POINT(1 1)')
<Point object at 0x103a88b50>
All writer objects have a write(geom)
method that returns either the
WKB or WKT of the given geometry. In addition, WKBWriter
objects
also have properties that may be used to change the byte order, and or
include the SRID value (in other words, EWKB).
WKBWriter
(dim=2)¶WKBWriter
provides the most control over its output. By default it
returns OGC-compliant WKB when its write
method is called. However,
it has properties that allow for the creation of EWKB, a superset of the
WKB standard that includes additional information. See the
WKBWriter.outdim
documentation for more details about the dim
argument.
Kemampuan meloloskan argumen dim
ke pembangun telah ditambahkan.
write
(geom)¶Returns the WKB of the given geometry as a Python buffer
object.
Example:
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import Point, WKBWriter
>>> pnt = Point(1, 1)
>>> wkb_w = WKBWriter()
>>> wkb_w.write(pnt)
<read-only buffer for 0x103a898f0, size -1, offset 0 at 0x103a89930>
write_hex
(geom)¶Mengembalikan WKB dari geometri di heksadesimal. Contoh:
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import Point, WKBWriter
>>> pnt = Point(1, 1)
>>> wkb_w = WKBWriter()
>>> wkb_w.write_hex(pnt)
'0101000000000000000000F03F000000000000F03F'
byteorder
¶This property may be set to change the byte-order of the geometry representation.
Nilai Byteorder | Deskripsi |
---|---|
0 | Big Endian (sebagai contoh, cocok dengan sistem RISC) |
1 | Little Endian (sebagai contoh, cocok dengan sistem x86) |
Contoh:
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import Point, WKBWriter
>>> wkb_w = WKBWriter()
>>> pnt = Point(1, 1)
>>> wkb_w.write_hex(pnt)
'0101000000000000000000F03F000000000000F03F'
>>> wkb_w.byteorder = 0
'00000000013FF00000000000003FF0000000000000'
outdim
¶This property may be set to change the output dimension of the geometry representation. In other words, if you have a 3D geometry then set to 3 so that the Z value is included in the WKB.
Nilai Outdim | Deskripsi |
---|---|
2 | Awalan, keluaran 2D WKB. |
3 | Keluaran 3D WKB. |
Contoh:
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import Point, WKBWriter
>>> wkb_w = WKBWriter()
>>> wkb_w.outdim
2
>>> pnt = Point(1, 1, 1)
>>> wkb_w.write_hex(pnt) # By default, no Z value included:
'0101000000000000000000F03F000000000000F03F'
>>> wkb_w.outdim = 3 # Tell writer to include Z values
>>> wkb_w.write_hex(pnt)
'0101000080000000000000F03F000000000000F03F000000000000F03F'
srid
¶Set this property with a boolean to indicate whether the SRID of the geometry should be included with the WKB representation. Example:
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import Point, WKBWriter
>>> wkb_w = WKBWriter()
>>> pnt = Point(1, 1, srid=4326)
>>> wkb_w.write_hex(pnt) # By default, no SRID included:
'0101000000000000000000F03F000000000000F03F'
>>> wkb_w.srid = True # Tell writer to include SRID
>>> wkb_w.write_hex(pnt)
'0101000020E6100000000000000000F03F000000000000F03F'
WKTWriter
(dim=2, trim=False, precision=None)¶This class allows outputting the WKT representation of a geometry. See the
WKBWriter.outdim
, trim
, and precision
attributes for
details about the constructor arguments.
Kemampuan melewatkan argumen dim
, trim
, dan precision
ke pembangun telah ditambahkan.
write
(geom)¶Mengembalikan WKT dari geometri diberikan. Contoh:
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import Point, WKTWriter
>>> pnt = Point(1, 1)
>>> wkt_w = WKTWriter()
>>> wkt_w.write(pnt)
'POINT (1.0000000000000000 1.0000000000000000)'
outdim
¶Lihat WKBWriter.outdim
.
trim
¶Sifat ini digunakan untuk mengadakan atau meniadakan memangkas dari desimal yang tidak diperlukan.
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import Point, WKTWriter
>>> pnt = Point(1, 1)
>>> wkt_w = WKTWriter()
>>> wkt_w.trim
False
>>> wkt_w.write(pnt)
'POINT (1.0000000000000000 1.0000000000000000)'
>>> wkt_w.trim = True
>>> wkt_w.write(pnt)
'POINT (1 1)'
precision
¶Sifat ini mengendalikan ketelitian pembulatan dari kordinat; jika disetel menjadi None
pembulatan adalah ditiadakan.
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import Point, WKTWriter
>>> pnt = Point(1.44, 1.66)
>>> wkt_w = WKTWriter()
>>> print(wkt_w.precision)
None
>>> wkt_w.write(pnt)
'POINT (1.4399999999999999 1.6599999999999999)'
>>> wkt_w.precision = 0
>>> wkt_w.write(pnt)
'POINT (1 2)'
>>> wkt_w.precision = 1
>>> wkt_w.write(pnt)
'POINT (1.4 1.7)'
Catatan kaki
[1] | See PostGIS EWKB, EWKT and Canonical Forms, PostGIS documentation at Ch. 4.1.2. |
[2] | Untuk informasi lebih, baca penempatan blog Paul Ramsey tentang (Much) Faster Unions in PostGIS 1.4 dan penempatan blog Martin Davis pada Fast polygon merging in JTS using Cascaded Union. |
GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH
¶Sebuah string menentukan tempat dari pustaka C GEOS. Khususnya, pengaturan ini hanya digunakan jika pustaka C GEOS adalah di tempat bukan-standar (sebagai contoh, /home/bob/lib/libgeos_c.so
).
Catatan
Pengaturan harus berupa jalur penuh pada pustaka berbagi C; dengan kata lain anda ingin menggunakan libgeos_c.so
, bukan libgeos.so
.
Des 02, 2017